164 
On Breaking up Grass Lands. 
£. s. d. £. s. d. 
Rent, tithe rent charge, rates, &c. . . . . 0 18 9 
No draining required. 
No charge for interest of money expended in paring and 
buminir, as such land would require theoperation,jwith 
somewhat less expense, to be rejieated after the wheat 
every course, to obtain ashes to be drilled with the 
turnips. 
Profit on capital, wear and tear, 15 per cent, on 51. . 0 15 0 
1 13 9 
Average expenditure on an acre . , . •. ,3135 
£. ». d. 
Produce of turnip crop, 12 tons at 3s. . . . . . 1 16 0 
„ barley crop, 32 bushels at Ss. 9d. . . . .589 
„ seed crop, 1 ton at 40s., aftermath 7.s. . . .270 
„ fed 1 10 0 
„ wheat crop, 20 busiiels at 6s. 6d. . . .6100 
„ barley straw and wheat straw . . . . .15 0 
5) 18 16 9 
Average value of produce, per acre, for the course . . . 3 15 4 
Deduct average expenditure for ditto . . . . . . 3 13 5 
Surplus profit per acre after breaking up . . . . .0111 
Ditto whilst in a state of down . . . . . . . 0 1 i 
Advantage to the tenant by breaking up one acre . . . .0011 
I'he advantage of breaking up an acre to the tenant will only 
be the investment of acldition<al capital at a good per centage, the 
balance of l]d. per acre not being worthy of consideration. The 
advantage to the landowner will be 5s. per acre increased rem. 
The advantage to the labourer, the expenditure of at least IZ. per 
acre, which is equivalent to six times the amount of labour em- 
ployed previously to breaking up. 
The particular land on which my calculation is founded was 
broken up at three different times, the last portion in the spring 
of 1845. If cultivated, as hitherto, on a five or six field course, a 
profit in all probability will be realized of 2s. per acre upon a 
rent of 1 5,y, per acre per annum ; and the average expenditure 
will be 3Z. 13*. 5d. per acre. I know that 10s. per acre have 
been added to the valuation of this land for the purposes of the 
poor-rate, since it was broken up, and its conversion from down to 
arable was the sole cause of this addition. I also know that the 
landowner has been offered a rise of 5s. per acre per .innum for 
rent, without any outlay whatever. Tiie labourer has obtained an 
increase of employment which is equivalent at least to I/, per acre. 
The tenant's profit on pasture is very little increased by its being 
converte<l into arable, and he will be subject to an increase in his 
annual ex])enditure of 50s. ])er acre, besides the original expense 
