172 
On Breaking up Grass Lands. 
burn. The other part was done in a similar manner to that of A. Both 
divisions were dug from 4 to 9 inches deep, the depth varying as the 
soil varied, and were planted with potatoes. On the part which was 
stifle-burnt his produce was upwards of 300 bushels of potatoes to the 
acre, but on the other part the crop was scarcely worth getting in. 
After the first year this man commenced a regular system of cultivation, 
having two acres in wheat, two in potatoes, and two acres planted with 
various crops, small portions being in barley, beans, peas, pulse, turnips, 
cairots, parsnips, cabbage, mangold wurzel, &c. The land is always 
manured for wheat, and wheat always follows the potato-crop. He 
manures with such dung as is produced from his crops, and with such 
as he can purchase from the neighbouring towns. The wheat is sown 
broad-cast and hoed in. Beans do not answer very well until the land 
has received two or three years' cultivation, and then they are almost 
always sown mixed with peas, producing a crop which is called pulse. 
His first crop of wheat produced 36 bushels to the acre. The produce 
varies a little with seasons ; but under his cultivatiun the crop will ave- 
rage 32 bushels. His potato-crop will average 300 bushels, barley 36 
bushels, oats 40 to 48 bushels per acre. Turnips 10 to 12 tons i)er 
acre ; carrots, cabbages, and parsnips, are generally a good crop, cab- 
bages especially. No lime or artihcial manure is used. 
C. occupies 5 acres, and pays 2/. per acre, besides paying for 
the house : 
He broke up half his land and stifle-burnt it the first year. He 
heaped on as much soil as he could without putting out the fire, with a 
view of charring it to change the texture. He planted the land with 
potatoes, and the produce was more than 300 bushels to the acre. The 
next spring he stifle-burnt the remaining half, and planted with pota- 
toes, and in the autumn of 1842 sowed the other half with wheat, which 
produced 30 bushels per acre. In 1844 his wheat crop produced 36 
bushels to the acre. He always manures for wheat after potatoes, and 
])elieves the best course to be, 1st, potatoes ; 2nd, wheat; 3rd, barley 
and green crops. C. recommends that ihe land sliould be manured after 
potatoes for wheat. The stubble should be pared and burnt wherever it 
could be done. The land should be well dug, keeping the yellow clav 
underneath ; and every effort should be made to keep all kinds of weeds 
from growing to any size. 
D. occupies 2.3 acres, 14 of which are arable, and 9 pasture. 
The rent is 2/, per acre for tlie arable, and 25,s". for the pasture. 
The buildings are paid for in addition. He has occupied the 
land for eight years : 
On breaking up the land which is now in arable, he pared and 
stifle-burnt only part of it, and regrets tliat he had not done it all so. 
His mode of cultivating the arable is, half in wheat, the other half in 
potatoes, barley, oats, peas, pulse, parsnips, swedes, turnips, cabbages, 
broad clover, &c. His tiu'nip and swede crops vary from 12 to 15 tons, 
and his clover averages 1 ton of hay to the acre. He mows about half 
of his j)asture-lan(l for hay every year, which i)roduccs less than a ton 
to the acre of inferior fodder. He keeps 3 or 4 cows, 2 horses, and a 
