178 
On Breaking vp Grass Lands. 
the produce of milk and butter has not been more than has been 
required, and in consequence there is always a demand for those 
articles for ready money. The tenants of such lands realise 
a orood price and an immediate return, and pay high rents. 
Farmers li%"in? so near to large towns as to admit of their selling 
milk, make more of their land by so doing than by any other 
means. I shall now insert an estimate applicable to a small 
dairv-farm, in which some considerations are made for additional 
buildings not requisite to be noticed in those which have pre- 
ceded, on account of our having assumed that the Vjreaking up 
and cultivation vtould be undertaken by persons already in pos- 
session of every requisite for the purpose. 
Estimate 4, 
Dairy-farm, of sttong and not very deep loam on clay subsoil, 
not underdrained ; worth 28.y. per acre to rent. This is the kind 
of land which is frequently found in the occupation of small 
dairy-farmers, with little or no arable land. Four acres are re- 
quired to winter and summer a cow ; and the produce of cheese 
is scarcely 3 cwt. This is a farm of nearly 100 acres, 20 of which 
I propose should be broken up. After the first year of the 
change the same quantity of cows, or more of other stock, may 
be kept. 
£. *. d. 
3 cwt. of cheese, at 56«. . . . . . . . .880 
30 Ihs. of Uutter, at 9rf. , 
30 lbs. of whey-butter, at Id. 
Calf .... 
50 lbs. of bacon, at Hd. . 
1 2 6 
0 17 6 
0 15 0 
1 0 10 
1 ) 12 3 10 
3 0 11 
Add pasture for a few sheep oti the farm, per acre . . . 0 5 6 
Add for beef — every fifth cow being fed and sold : increase of weight 
I^r cow 280 lbs., one-twentieth of which, at 5(/., gives per acre . 0 C 0 
Deduct expenses on an acre : — haymaking, carrying and 
riciving, dairywoman's wages, ditto to milk and assist, £. t. d. 
salt, anatto, marketing, and wear and tear of utensils 110 
Rent, tithe rent-charge, and rates . . . .115 3 
Ordinary profit on capital, 15 per cent, on 5/. per acre . 0 15 0 
3 12 
3 113 
Surplus protit on an acre of pour dairy laud . .£012 
The same poor dairy-land broken up, and drained, and some 
new buildings erected, at an expense of 120/. Four or si.\ field. 
Rent not increased : — 
