On Breaking up Grass Lands. 
179 
£. d. 
Expeiue of turnip and other green crops . . , . . o 0 0 
„ barley crop . . . . . . . . 2 10 0 
,, clover crop . . . . . . . . 0 14 0 
„ wheat crop . . . . , . . . 21S0 
5, l)ean croj) . . ..... .300 
,, wheat crop . . . . . . . . 2 18 0 
6)17 0 0 
Average expenditure on an acre . . . 2 16 S 
£. *. d. 
Rent, tithe-rent charge, and rates . . . . 1 15 3 
5 per cent, on 4/. per acre lor draining, to be jiaid as 
additional rent . , . . . .040 
Interest on expenses for breaking up, and for return of 
the original expense during the course . .050 
7^ per cent, on 120/., expended by landlord in addi- 
tional buildings, barn, sheds, &c., equal to 9Z. for 
tlie 20 acres, or 9«. per acre . . . .090 
Profit on capital, 15 per cent, on 8/. . . . .14 0 
3 17 3 
£6 13 11 
Twenty acres of this land, converted into arable, may, except on extraordinary occa- 
sions, be managed without '• summer fallow." I have supposed that the fork will be 
extensively used, especially in seasons which may be rather critical. On well- 
drained land, where labourers are numerous, fallows are unnecessary. 
Produce of turnip and other green crops, equivalent to 15 ton: 
„ barley crop, 40 bushes, at 3*. 9</. 
„ clover crop, Ij ton — aftermath 
„ wheat crop, 30 bushels, at 6*. 6d. 
„ beans, 32 bushels, at 4s. 6rf. 
„ wheat, 28 bushels, at 6s. 6d. 
Barley-straw, wheat-straw, bean-straw, wheat-straw 
Average value of produce per acre .... 
Average expenditure per acre, deduct 
Surplus profit ))er acre if broken up 
Surplus profit jier acre in jioor dairy-land 
Advantage to the tenant by breaking up an acre 
at is. 
£. 
d. 
3 
0 
0 
7 
10 
0 
3 
2 
6 
9 
15 
0 
7 
4 
0 
9 
2 
0 
2 
8 
0 
)42 
1 
6 
7 
0 
3 
6 
13 
11 
0 
6 
4 
0 
1 
2 
£0 
5 
2 
Part of this surplus profit might be paid to the landowner as 
increased rent to the amount of '2s. &cl. per acre. The advantage 
to the labourer consists in the outlay of 41. per acre in draining, 
and also a permanent expenditure of nearly three times the 
amount over that of the dairv, and the manual labour is doubled. 
I have hitherto confined my calculations almost exclusivelv to 
the advantage of breaking up smgle pieces of land unconnected 
with dairy farming, but this will not form a just criterion for 
land in the circumstances now to be considered. From calcu- 
lations on a single piece we may infer the comparative result of 
N 2 
