On Breaking up Grass Lands. 
183 
well acquainted. It is situated on the Oxford clay, and the land 
is better than any whicli I have liitherto noticed. The rent is 
40s. per acre, and the quantity 64 acres. All, or nearly all, of it 
requires draining ; and before any part can be recommended to 
be broken up, draining must be done. The tenant is a very in- 
dustrious persevering man, and, as it is now cultivated, barely 
obtains a livelihood. The rent-charge in lieu of tithes is 4s. 3d. 
per acre, and the poor and road rates average 2s. 8d. in the pound, 
which on three-fourths the rent will amount to ^Js. per acre. The 
rates are rather low in comparison with many parishes, in conse- 
quence of a railway which passes through the parish paying about 
one-third of its rates. 
The number of cows kept is twenty, sometimes one more and 
sometimes one less, varying a little with seasons. Taking out the 
4 acres for the keep of a bull, and for the homestead, garden, and 
buildings, there will be three acres for a cow, and the produce of 
one cow is 3j cwt. of cheese, besides butter, Sic. 
Estimate 5. 
£. s. d. 
3J cwt. of cheese at 56s. 9 2 0 
35 lbs. of butter at 9rf 16 3 
35 lbs. of whey at 7rf 10 6 
Calf 0 15 0 
50 lbs. bacon per cow, at bd, per lb. . . . . . .110 
3) 13 4 9 
4 8 3 
Add for beef, every fifth cow being fed and sold. Increase of beef per 
cow, 370 lbs., one-fifteenth of which at 5rf. will give the produce per 
acre 0 10 3 
No sheep kept, the pasturage being all required by cattle. 
Average produce per acre in pasture • . . . . .4186 
£. s. d. 
Expenses of management . . . . . . . .17 6 
Rent, tithe rent-charge, and rates . . . . . . .283 
Profit on capital, 15 per cent, on cows and utensils, 7/. 10s. per acre . 12 6 
Average expenditure per acre in pasture . . . . . .4183 
This would only give 72/. per annum for the farmer to maintain 
his house with ; but he performs some of the labour himself, and 
therefore can just manage to get on, after reserving to himself 
the pay of a labourer, whose work he performs. There are also 
some small matters by which he may profit a little, which are 
altogether omitted in our estimates : such are what may arise from 
poultry, or the produce of the garden, and the odd 4 acres, part of 
which may raise potatoes, «Scc. for the house. All those things 
added together may make it appear to pay him better than the 
