On Breaking up Grass Lands. 
195 
tolerably correct conclusion respecting the total gain to the land- 
owners and occupiers ; but for want of correct statistical informa- 
tion we cannot make very accurate calculations — we cannot gene- 
ralise with safety; and were we to speculate on averages without 
qualification, our conclusions might assume the character of cer- 
tainty instead of being approximations only. With due qualifi- 
cation, however, we may venture a few calculations on the im- 
perfect data which we possess. Supposing, then, 8s. per acre to 
be the fair average profit, and that one-fourth of our pasture may 
be broken up without inconvenience — without disarranging the 
present occupancy, or straightening the means of producing the 
present or even a larger supply of butter, cheese, and beef — we 
shall have the aggregate profits of landowner and tenant exhibited 
in the succeeding calculation, which I shall preface with such 
statistical information as is within my reach. For want of better 
information, this calculation is founded on a return which was 
made to Parliament in 1804, of all lands in England and Wales, 
and the manner in which they were cultivated ; and on a statement 
in Chambers's ' Information for the People,' quoted from Mr. 
M'Culloch in 1842. The pasture is stated at 17,000,000 acres 
by both authorities, but a difference arises in other respects. From 
these authorities the following particulars are derived :— 
From the Return to Parliament in 1804. 
Extent of land in wheat 
„ bailey 
oats and beans . 
clover and rye grass 
turnips, carrots, cabbages, &c, 
fallow . . 
hop-grounds . . 
nursery-grounds . 
fruit and kitchen gardens 
pleasure-grounds . 
depastured by cattle 
hedgerows, copse, and woods 
ways and wafer, &c. 
commons and wastes, &-c. 
Acres. 
3,080,000 
850,000 
2,800,000 
1,120,000 
1,120,000 
2,100,000 
35,000 
8,500 
45,000 
16,000 
1,600,000 
1,282,100 
6,277,800 
Total quantity of England and Wales 
From M'Culloch. 
Extent of land in wheat .... 
„ barley and rye . 
„ oats and beans . . 
„ clover .... 
„ roots (turnips, potatoes, &c.) 
„ fallow 
Extent of pasture land .... 
„ land in hops, gardens, &c. . 
Acres. 
11,070,000 
104,500 
17,000,000 
9,159,900 
37,334,400 
Acres. 
3,800,000 
900,000 
3,000,000 
1,300,000 
1,200,000 
1,650,000 
17,000,000 
150,000 
o 2 
