On Breaking iip Grass Lands. 
199 
it is clear, that by breaking up pasture land we shall gain an in- 
crease of food for the people to the amount of 10 bushels for every 
acre that should be broken up. This increased produce of 10 
bushels on every acre would give 30 bushels for every 3 acres, and 
thus the increased produce of every 3 acres would provide bread 
for a family of five persons for the twelve months. Hence the 
breaking up of four millions of acres of pasture land that may 
be spared for the purpose, to be farmed on a self-supporting 
system, would enable us to provide bread for at least a milhon 
families. 
We now come to the amount of manual labour on the land in 
the state of pasture and arable, and in showing the difference I 
shall still use the figures of the Estimates already given. The 
manual labour on the five kinds of land in the original state of 
pasture, and where it is converted into arable, and cultivated and 
cropped after a suitable manner, is nearly as follows : — 
Expenditure on 
Labour per acre 
in Pasture. 
1 . Dowii land . . . 
2. Light sandy pasture . 
3. Stiff clay , 
i. Strong loam, dairy land 
5. Grazing and dairy land 
£. s. 
0 3 
0 5 
0 4 
0 18 
1 -2 
Expenditure on Increase 
Labour in of 
Arable per acre. Labour, 
£. s. d. 
0 19 3 or 6-fold, 
1 0 0 or 4-told. 
1 15 6 or S|-fold. 
1 13 6 or ddiible. 
2 0 0 or double. 
5) 2 12 6 
5) 7 8 3 
Average expenditure per acre 0 10 6 
1 9 8 or 3 times do. 
Reckoning the labourer's wages at 10s. per week all the year 
round, or 26/. per annum, will enable us to contrast the proportion 
of land to each labourerj both in the state of pasture and of arable, 
as under : — 
III Pasture, 
1. Down land . . 
2. Light sandy land 
3. Stiff clay . 
4. Strong loam, dairy land 
5. Grazing and dairy land 
Expenditure in Wafjes 
per acre. 
£. s. d. 
. 0 3 0 
. 0 5 0 
. 0 4 0 
. 0 18 6 
. 1 2 0 
173 acres per man.' 
104 
130 
28 „ 
24 
Average acreage to a man in pasture 
5) 459 
. 92 in round numbers. 
The four million acres proposed to be broken up, must at pre- 
sent, then, in pasture employ 43,470 men. 
