224 
Advantages of One-horse Carts over Waggons. 
that can be filled before the arrival of the first cart to be filled 
again. For instance, to cart manure at a distance of three fur- 
longs, three fillers will require two horses and one driver, taking 
in all four horses, two drivers, and one emptier, to keep them 
employed ; because they will take 63 minutes to fill the cart, the 
horse will take fifteen minutes to go and return, and the tipper 
or emptier will take five minutes to his part of the work ; making 
in all 26| minutes to go one revolution, at the end of which time 
the fillers will have filled four loads, and the first horse will have 
returned in time for filling again ; and so on until done. 
It will be observed, that when four men (who will take just five 
minutes to fill a cubic yard of farm-yard dung) are employed, 
it will just require an extra horse and driver for every furlong 
of distance it is to be drawn. 
At great distances a horse may be nearly gained by unyoking 
the horses from the empty carts and putting them into the full 
ones ; to do this will take a man and the driver two minutes, so 
that two minutes of the time that the horse would have been on 
his journey occupied in the changing, in which time the horse 
would have gone about one-third revolution of a furlong; still 
there is a gain by so doing : although I must say I do not like it, 
except when obliged through necessity, for by standing a few 
minutes and getting a bite of hay or chaff and bran, the horse's 
spirits will revive, and he will offer no temptation for the use of 
the whip. 
The quantity of farm yard manure (taken in the solid state as 
it is left in the yard by the treading of the cattle) that a one-horse 
cart will hold is 1 cubic yard, which will measure about 1^ cubic 
yards after being thrown on the cart, and will weigh from 16 to 
20 cwt., according to the quality. 
If two-horse carls are employed they will not hold more than 
I^^ solid yard, which will measure about 2j yards when thrown 
on the cart, and will weigh from 24 to 30 cwt. according to short- 
ness, &c., besides the cart, which generally weighs about 12 cwt. ; 
making a total of about 2 tons, or equal to 1 ton per horse. 
A good one-horse cart will not weigh more than 6 cwt., which 
with dung at 18 cwt., will make a total of 24 cwt., per horse, 
which a single horse will draw easier than two horses will draw 
2 tons in a cart, because they never draw alike — one drawing too 
much, while the other is doing nothing ; besides the great weiglit 
having a greater tendency to cut into and consolidate the soil to a 
greater depth than the light loads, to the injury of the succeeding 
crop ; also the difficult v ot driving two horses in a cart, so as to 
keep the road from being cut into deep ruts by the horses con- 
tinually going in the same track. Whereas with one horse, by 
making the boys lead the horses so as to make a wheel track. 
