"226 Advardages of One-horse Carts over Waggons. 
It will be seen by the above table that the greater the distance 
the greater the advantage of one-horse carts over two-horse carts ; 
as is seen by the table where the distance is 7 furlongs, the ad- 
vantage of one-horse carts over two-horse carts is more than a 
fourth in the expense of putting 30 yards of manure on an acre, 
or on two acres if you choose to put only 1 5 yards per acre ; which 
sufficiently proves the advantage of one-horse carts over two-horse 
carts at this sort of work.* 
The next work that will command our notice will be the draw- 
ing or the carrying of the hay-crop together : the better way to 
illustrate this will be to take the dimensions of a proper harvest, 
or carrying cart. The dimensions of those carts vary from 1 1 to 
15 feet long by 6 feet wide ; the average weight, from 5 to 9cwt., 
according to the size and material of which they are made. 
Wherever good larch is to be got they should be made of it, as it 
combines strength with lightness to a greater degree than any 
other timber. Not being an advocate for the largest size of har- 
vest-cart I will take that size which meets my own views, namely, 
12 feet long by 6 feet wide, which will stand about 3 feet above the 
ground; therefore, with a load lOg feet high from the ground, 
will have 20 cubic yards of hay on it, weighing from 16 to 20 cwt., 
or a total of 25 cwt., which is a fair load for one horse on the road 
or on the field, where the land is not too hilly ; but where there 
are very steep hills (such as I have got) it is necessary to have a 
trace-horse. On farms that are entirely hilly it would be better 
to have very light carts, and use only one horse at the ascents. 
Our waggons are about 12 feet long, but for carrying they are 
generally increased by putting on a frame- work, to 17 feet long, 
5 feet wide, and 6 feet high from the ground to the top of the 
rail, and weigh from 20 to 28 cwt., upon which there can be 
built about 28 cubic yards, weighing from 22 to 28 cwt., making 
a total of about 48 cwt., the waggon being about half the gross 
weight ; whereas with carts, the cart would be about one-fourth 
of the gross weight. The waggons requiring two horses to draw 
them, each horse draws only 12^ cwt. of hay, although having 
as much gross weight to draw as horses in carts, namely, 25 cwt. ; 
therefore, four horses with two waggons would bring home about 
50 cwt. of hay ; while three horses with carts, as before mentioned, 
would bring 54 cwt. of hay, their total loads being 75 cwt. ; while 
the total gross waggon loads would be about 96 cwt., or 24 cwt. 
per horse ; being only 1 cwt. less weight than that of the cart 
horses, which proves that for this description of work, carts give 
a saving of one- fourth in horse-labour. 
* The saving would be yet greater if one-horse carts were compared 
with tlie heavy dung-carts drawn by three horses, often used in the soulli 
of England. — Ph. Pusky. 
