Advantages of One-horse Carts over Waggons. 227 
I have heard it stated by some people that there is a disad- 
vantage in carts in the stackyard to the pitchers, or emptiers, on 
account of their being lower than waggons. But let us examine 
this supposed disadvantage. A cart is loaded with hay 7\ feet 
above the body, and calculating the average height at half the 
height of hay in both instances, the average height on a cart will 
be 3| feet, which, with 3 feet from the bed of the cart to the 
ground, will make 6j feet from the ground. The waggon being 
loaded 8 feet high from the body, the average will be 4 feet, 
and 6 feet for height of body makes a total of 10 feet, being 
2>\ feet in favour of waggons in building a rick ; but there will 
be the same disadvantage against them in the field. In the com- 
mencement of the stack there is a clear loss of labour in being 
obliged first to pitch the hay upon a high platform, whether it 
be in the shape of a cart or waggon in the field, and then throw 
it down again in the rickyard ; therefore, the waggon being the 
highest, there is the greatest waste of manual labour in this way 
with waggons ; consequently, the extra height of w aggons is dis- 
advantageous in the beginning of a stack, and advantageous after 
it gets high ; in carts, the advantages are in the begmning and 
the disadvantages in the finishing of the stack, being, I believe, 
about on a par as to manual labour, but carts being one-fourth 
more economical than wagrgons as to horse labour. 
Some people, who do not understand the working of carts, 
fancy that they will not do upon hilly farms, but I am convinced 
that carts can be used where waggons could not, by applying a 
rest and slipper either behind or before, as suits the going up hill 
or down : in going up or down hill the rule is to bring the body 
of the .cart to a level, so that the loader will have no difficulty in 
building, more than he would have on a level field, being able 
therefore to keep it at a fair balance ; so that whenever they come 
to the level, and the load is laid upon the horse, it will not be too 
light nor too heavy on his back. 
'All very hilly fields should be ploughed at an angle of about 
lorty-five degrees to their base ; so that when the horses are going 
up hill the furrow-slice will be turned down hill, and when com- 
ing down the furrow will be turned against the hill, which will 
give the horses easy drawing when ascending, and the hard work 
down. This plan also gives the advantage when carrying in 
harvest of running one wheel in the upper furrow, and the lower 
wheel on the land, which will bring the body of the cart to a level 
although crossing the hill at an angle of forty-five degrees. If 
the hill should be so steep that when the wheels are placed as 
above the cart does not come level, but hangs down hill, taking 
a plough and turning a few inches out of the bottom of the furrows 
will answer the end ; we are thus enabled to reduce the incli- 
Q 2 
