'228 Advantages of One-Jtorse Carts over Waggons. 
nation both of ascent and descent as low as circumstances will 
permit ; by this plan, and bv my rest and slipper, I have been 
enabled to carry my corn without any difficulty from two fields 
that rise at an angle of twentv-five degrees, without using a trace- 
horse, which fields my predecessor never harvested without having 
a waggon or two upset, and I have never had a cart upset since I 
came to the farm five years ago. The fact is, that carts made 
wide and low are not nearly so liable to be upset as waggons, 
which are so high and narrow ; indeed, if it were not for the 
weight of waggons they would be easily overturned. 
Some men are afraid that their horses' backs would be broken 
by the loaders happening to load too much forward ; but with a 
drag, for taking all the weight off the horse's back going down 
hill, they need not be afraid if their men use common precau- 
tion. If ever such a thing does happen as a load being so heavy 
on a horse's back as to be dangerous, taking the horse out, after 
the load is well tied, and letting it up once or twice on the tips, 
will make it light enough on the back ; and if it is too light on 
the horse s back, letting down on the shafts will put that also to 
rights ; and in going up hill, letting down the prop behind will 
prevent its rising, supposing they should load it all behind ; but 
I have never experienced any difficulty in getting my corn well 
loaded ; in fact, I have often put a lad to this work who never did 
it before, and in a few days he could accomplish it as well as 
any other on the steepest land I have got ; but as I have always 
two loaders, I give (Sd. a day more to the loader and pitcher who 
sends the best and most loads in the dav, which stimulates them 
in improving ; and I receive a benefit through the increase of 
work done by my horses, as well as the pleasure of seeing work 
going on like clockwork. 
The next work that occurs on my farm is the drawing of lime, 
which we draw above 12 miles, each horse bringing 4:^ quarters, 
or 23 cwt., the cart weighing about 7 cwt., making a total of 30 
cwt. gross for each horse, the cart being about one- fourth of the 
load. With a waggon and four horses my neighbours bring 13;^ 
quarters, weighing about 70 cwt., the waggon about 28 cwt., 
making a total of 98 cwt., or 24^ cwt. each horse, the waggon 
being about two-sevenths of the load, and their horses working 
harder than my three are worked with carts, although mine have 
more by 6 cwt. each to draw ; in fact, I am certain from strict 
observation, that four horses are not able to draw more in a wag- 
gon than three horses can with good Scotch carts ; because, in the 
case of four horses being yoked to a waggon, two a-breast (which 
is generally believed to l)e better than at length), when either 
horse draws more than his companion (which is often the case), 
he has to work hardest with the shoulder next his lazy companion, 
