Advantages of One-horse Carts over Waggons. 231 
<lela\ed than they would be by first finishing the stack and then 
beginning another, and it equalizes the work of pitching, and does 
away with the disadvantage of the lowness of carts altogether, 
retaining all the advantages of their lowness in the field ; so that, 
with good management, I rather think that carts are better than 
waggons in the whole, as far as manual labour is concerned ; and 
there is no doubt of carts being more economical than waggons as 
to horse labour. I have my sheaves all made from eight to nine 
inches in diameter, and I find by experience that men cannot get 
more wages pitching and loading where the sheaves are short than 
where they are long, although it is easier work, because there is 
more travelling between the shocks, consequently more time lost. 
I have found, on looking over my register of crops grown within 
the last five years, that I have reaped wheat straw from two and a 
a half to six feet long, and find that the following rule will 
generally give the number of sheaves that will be upon an acre, 
according to the length of straw, provided they be of a proper 
thickness: — At 6 feet long there will be about 1080 sheaves per 
acre, and taking 180 off for every foot the straw decreases in length, 
will give the number that will be produced per acre. As the 
greater quantity of corn in the short straw, in proportion to the 
number, will almost balance the decrease in weight of straw by 
shortness, 340 sheaves being a fair load for one horse, there will 
be about a decrease of a half load per acre for every decrease of 
one foot in the length of the straw. I have always, when at all 
possible, had my crops harvested by task ; and I have paid the 
same, namely, a penny, for pitching and loading in field ; but 
when the straw got less than three feet long I put three loaders 
and three pitchers in field, to keep two pitchers going in the 
stackyard, and giving them in the stackyard a halfpenny for from 
120 to 150 sheaves; so that the stacking does not cost so much 
when the straw is short. 
I pay the stackers the same as the pitchers in the stackyard, with 
an addition of one-eighth to the leading stacker and guide. 
The expense of bringing home and stacking will be : for pitch- 
ing and loading one penny ; for pitching on stack one halfpenny ; 
and stacking one penny; making a total of two-pence halfpenny 
per 100 sheaves: therefore the expense of carrying home and 
stacking will vary from 2s. 2)d. to 9d. per acre for manual labour. 
The expense of horses and driving will increase according to the 
distance between field and stack, and the quickness of loading 
and unloading. The number of horses required can be found by 
the rule given at the beginning of this paper. 
I find that three pitchers and three loaders will put up 340 
sheaves in twelve minutes ; and two pitchers will empty them on 
stack in the same time. I make my horses trot back with the 
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