Advantages of One-horse Carts over Waggons. 233 
guments in favour of carts are applicable as in chawing lime, &c., 
namel)', one-fourth saving; of horse-labour, against which there is 
about the fourth of a man ; but when the iacility of loading and 
unloading is taken into consideration it will reduce the loss in 
manual labour to a trifle. 
I think that there is no sort of farm-work for carls or waggons 
that I have not treated of, and will now therefore sum uj) the 
whole, that we may see the final results. 
First, I take carting out of manure, which gives rather more 
than a fourth in favour of one-horse caits over two-horse carts ; 
waggons being out of the question altogether for that sort of work. 
Secondly, In the carrying of hay there is a saving of horse 
labour to the amount of a fourth, as well as some advantage in the 
manual labour, through their lowness in field, notwithstanding 
the very small disadvantage of height in the rick-yard. 
Thirdly, In the drawing of lime, stones, slates, tiles, or manure 
great distances, there is a saving of at least a fourth. 
Fourthly, In harvest work there is a saving in one-horse carts 
over waggons w ith only two horses in them ; and allowing that 
they would be able to draw 2 tons in them besides the waggon 
(which I believe is not possible) ; but it matters not, for even if 
they could, carts are then the most economical by at least one- 
seventh, both in horse and in manual labour at harvest work, 
which is the most important of all work. 
Fifthly, In carting of roots there is the same saving over two- 
horse carts, as in the drawing on of manure, namely, one fourth. 
Sixthly, In the marketing of corn, the one-horse carts have the 
same advantages over waggons as in carting lime, &c., namely, 
one-fourth in horse labour, but a drawback of one-eighth in the 
manual labour, making a clear saving of an eighth. 
It would appear, from every rule and observation that I have 
made these five years, that there is a general saving of one-fourth 
in horse labour at all sorts of work ; but in going distances from home 
there is a drawback of about a third in the manual labour ; but 
when there are four horses and carts going out, a strong boy would 
do, thereby reducing that expense. In fact, all the increase of 
men will not amount to more than will pay the interest of the 
money sunk in waggons • and as every man must have a certain 
number of carts, whether he keep waggons or not, therefore it is 
an important consideration, whether a man buys four or five wag- 
gons, besides dung-carts, or whether he should buy six first-rate 
new harvest carts, made of good larch or red pine, realizing a 
saving of about 70 per cent, to buy some good implements with, 
to assist in growing some long straw, that will lie on the carts. 
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