428 
Observations on the various Insects 
to 50"* in a kiln or oven : this heat, without altering them, would 
be sufficient to kill the larva?. One well knows that these two 
means ought not to be practised upon grain destined for repro- 
duction. We shall obtain the same object if we take off, imme- 
diately after the gathering, the husks of those legumes which are 
intended for winter provisions, and if we leave the two coty- 
ledons, or halves of the seed naked." t I would merely add that 
immersing the peas and beans in the commonest oil would, 
perhaps, destroy the insects without injuring the vitality of the 
seeds ; but this remains to be ascertained. 
Tinea sarcitella, the Sack or white-shouldered Woollen-moth. 
The economy of this little insect is somewhat like the Wolf or 
Grain-moth,f for the larvae will indiscriminately feed upon vege- 
table and animal substances. They frequently assist in the 
destruction of peas and beans when housed, which were previ- 
ously infested hy the Bruchi, as we shall soon have an oppor- 
tunity of showing by the communications of various parties. In 
April, 1842, I received a letter from Mr. C. Parsons, dated East 
Tilbury, Essex, saying, In the enclosed box are some beans, 
which, from standing in the sacks a twelvemonth, are injured in 
the way you will see by beetles,§ of which you will find some by 
cutting into the beans ; and the sacks are so strongly cemented 
together by the larvae I have enclosed, that some of them actually 
require the strength of two men to part them." These were the 
caterpillars of the Tinea sarcitella (fig. 37 ; and 38, the same mag- 
nified). In December of the same year I received a similar 
complaint from P. B., who observed, that "from the wetness of 
last season some beans were got into a store in damp condition, 
and bred moths. As soon as the men could be spared the beans 
were cleared off and their receptacles whitewashed, but I now 
find that amongst some piles of sacks of peas, these insects, 
in the grub state, have introduced themselves between the sacks 
in sticky rings. As this is to no small extent, and there is a 
considerable quantity of beans and peas about, I wish to know 
the most effectual and rapid method of destroying this pest, 
without causing any further damage, by communicating a bad 
smell, Sic, to the grain and sacks." In August, 18dt5, I heard of a 
stack of sacks sticking together from the same cause, and in No- 
vember of that year a gardener in Surrey found living maggots in 
one of his seed-drawers, in which he had left some dwarf-peas, 
* Of Reaumur, or 133° to 144° of Fahr. 
•f Hist. Niit. des Ins., vol. iv. No. 79, p. 3. 
■J: Royal Af^ric. Jour., vol. vii. p. 89. 
§ Bruchus grauariu.s, doscribed in a previous page, vide pi. R, figs. 31 
and 32. 
