440 
Observations on the various Insects 
The maggots do not generaWy destrog the germ, so that the seeds 
will vegetate. 
By sowing inoculated seed the insects are introduced and propa- 
gated. 
Seed should be examined before sowing, and the infested beans 
may be detected by dull circular spots on the skins where no holes 
are to be found. 
Minute brown dots on the beans, made by the young larva or 
by parasitic Ichneumons. 
People poisoned in France by eating worm-eaten peas containing 
the maggots and beetles of Bruchus pisi. 
Sicilian beans, containing the Bruchus Jlavimanus, affecting the 
health of horses which fed upon them. 
Some beans contained two and three beetles, which were alive in 
December. 
They appeared sound, being nearly free from holes in the skin. 
Three species of parasitic flies have been discovered, whose 
larva feed upon those of the Bruchi, namely, Sigalphus pallipes, 
S. thoracicus. and Chremglus rubiginosus. 
Chalky districts seem to be favourable to the increase of the 
Bruchus granarius, from the soil probably producing wild flowers 
which supply the beetles with food. 
Late sown peas and beans most likely to suffer from the Bruchi. 
Peas, if kept over the year, are free from this pest, from the beetles 
having deserted them. 
Many of these insect plagues introduced with foreign seed, owing 
to their being grown in warmer countries, where 7W.vious species 
are wore abundant than with us. 
To destroy the maggots in the peas without injuring their 
vitality, immerse the seeds in boiling loater for one minute. 
An immersion of four minutes in boiling water u:ill kill nearly 
all the peas. 
Kiln-drying at a heat of from 133'' to 144" will kill the insects 
without altering the quality of the pulse, but such seed will no 
longer vegetate. 
To split the peas and deprive them of the husks will preserve 
the winter stores from further injury of ilie Bruchi. 
Immersion in oil would j)robably kill the iiisects. 
Maggots of a little moth called Tinea sarcitella infesting worm- 
eaten peas, and matting the saclis together. 
This is especially the case when peas and beans are stored in a 
damp condition. 
'I hese moths w ill breed in drawers where seed is put away for use. 
They were breeding freely amongst the dead roots of some barley 
in a box. 
They inhabit our houses and gardens, injuring all woollen goods. 
