Drealiiufj up Grass Land. 
503 
seeds, &c., aids them in their course : these, the artificial grasses, 
are produced in greater bulk and abundance than the natural 
grasses: thus more food is obtained, it causes much profitable 
labour, the animals thrive faster, large quantities of manure are 
made to be returned to the lands, so that good results in every 
way. 
The somewhat novel but certainly beneficial mode of fattening 
cattle, sheep, &c., on grass seeds by help of linseed cake has 
already in a great degree superseded the most valuable uses to 
which the best summer-fed pastures were commonly applied, i. e. 
to provide a supply of meat in the months of June and July, just 
in the intermediate time when the turnip-fed stock ceases, and 
before the general run of grazing lands yield their return. Lat- 
terly this summer grazing has been comparativelv unprofitable, 
the cake-fed animals on clovers, grass seeds, and the like, having 
come into competition with it. 
On these grounds it may be seen that the best lands might, 
without detriment to the public welfare, be appropriated to arable 
culture. They would, in fact, be far more beneficial under til- 
lage. It is land of this quality which is so much sought after by 
woadmen, chiccory growers, peppermint distillers, and for such 
uses the deeper the loam the better. For these purposes, in this 
neighbourhood, land will frequently fetch from 71. to [21. per acre 
for a term of years. The rent is certainly high, but as these crops 
exhaust without yielding manure, the wisdom here displayed is of 
a problematical character. 
Disadvantages of Breaking up Grass Land. 
These are comparatively few. It would be disadvantageous to 
break up those lands certainly of first quality, possessing a good 
deep loam, but resting on a subsoil of heavy clay. These heavy 
loams do not make first-rate arable lands, but in mild and showery 
seasons are equal to any as pasture-grounds, carrying an abun- 
dance of stock which thrive and fatten exceedingly fast : such 
should remain under grass. 
There are many lands, though not of first quality, yet possessing 
a sweet nutritive herbage well adapted to the rearing of young 
stock. Where such are attached to breeding or dairy farms, the 
proprietor ought to pause before he grants permission to break 
them up. Even inferior lands situate near the larger towns, or 
wherever required for convenience or special uses, ought to remain 
in pasture. All the mountain pastures, the cold clay uplands, and 
low swampy valleys, which, under ordinary circumstances, will 
not, from their local situation, pay the extra expense of tillage, 
must be left in grass — not, however, to be neglected, but to be 
drained and improved as much as possible. Where the locality 
