508 On the Advantages and Disadvantages of 
2s. 6d. to 7s. per acre ; nearly all its productive powers have 
been supplied by its spirited cultivators, who have succeeded in 
making it one of the finest estates in the country — the soil is 
nearly all a sandy loam. If, then, soils of such poor and varied 
character can be cultivated with advantage to " the farmer" — the 
tenant — it must of necessity be of advantage to the landlord. 
Landlord. — The landlord must unquestionably be benefited 
whenever it is requisite for good culture to supply the land 
with artificial aids, either in management or manures. All in- 
ferior soils require these aids, and being thus improved by culture, 
will always command an equivalent lent. It is solely in lands of 
first-rate quality that a landlord can suffer loss. Such lands, 
instead of requiring aid, require exhausting in some degree, when 
broken up, before they can be truly profitable as corn-lands; 
the straw being too luxuriant, will lodge and prevent the grain 
from properly filling : but the loss in this case is not in rent. 
Land of this quality will always, if in proper culture, be worth as 
much to rent ; the loss is in the fee-simple ; it is not so valuable 
for sale as when under grass, but if the extraordinary demand for 
such land for purposes already named, as for woad, chiccory, &c., 
is taken into account, and for such uses fetching so high a rent, it 
will at once appear that the landlord in this case is also benefited, 
by permitting it to be broken up ; the landlord then, as well as the 
farmer, is advantaged by the change, and the public shares in the 
arrangements. 
The Public. — That it is of advantage to the public there can- 
not be a doubt, from the large supply brought to market. The 
necessity incumbent on the farmer to keep liis land up to the 
mark, in order that he may be able to produce his crops in the 
highest stalp of perfection, will always prevent its impoverishment 
— and the farmer must do it — he must farm well to secure a 
profitable return ; this is an unequivocal axiom in agriculture ; 
no apprehensions need arise on this ground. 
It is almost superfluous to attempt to show a fact so self-evident 
as that land under culture will produce more food for man than 
in its natural state. It has been so from the time of Adam — to 
whom it was said, " in the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread " 
— to the present. It was proved by the late Board of Agricul- 
ture in the year 1801, in obedience to a requisition from the 
House of Lords. The Board ascertained that an acre of clover, 
rape, tares, turnips, cabbages, or potatoes, will produce at least 
twice as much food as the same acre under grass of medium 
quality, and that the same acre would maintain at least as much 
stock as when under grass, besides producing every alternate year 
a valuable crop of corn and straw for the consumption of the 
cattle. An acre of land of first-rate quality, feeding or grazing 
