514 Oil the Advantages and Disadvantages of 
readily corrected by tlie other j^rasses. Rye grasses, Timothy 
grass, and rib grasses are hardy and of quick growth. Field 
j)arsify and chiccory would be very healthy additions, or white 
mustard again ; besides, the various pasture grasses producing 
seed of liardy growth might be introduced, so as to prevent any 
ill efTect to either cattle or sheep. Such being the case, and as 
by these means a far greater amount of produce is obtained, more 
cattle and sheep are led, and, as before noticed, the corn crops 
are obtained in addition to these. It does then appear that they 
might without inconvenience, and certainlv with greater profit, be 
broken up. 
The mode to be preierred is the same as in the preceding case 
— and in nine cases out of ten is applicable to every soil — by 
paring and burning. This should be commenced in the month 
of June, and immediately after the ashes are spread, to be 
ploughed in, to prevent injury by exposure, and the land sown 
with rape or turnips. This course will enrich the soil, and also 
prevent damage, by the destruction of immense numbers of grubs 
and wire-worm, as also the chrysalis, larva-, and eggs of others. 
The course of cropping may be liberal. First rotation: Oats, 
wheat, beans, wheat, peas, wheat. Second ditto : Fallows, well 
manured, and sown with turnips, oats, wheat, beans, manured 
wheat, clover, wheat drilled in with rape cake. By this rotation 
its condition will be kept up; but it would be further aided by 
occasionally taking barley after the fallows, next clover, then 
wheat, beans, or peas, wheat ; manuring the land for the pulse 
crop. Potatoes might at long intervals succeed the barley crop. 
As to its general management, it is sufficient to say that it is all 
important that it be tliorouglily drained, and well worked, broken, 
or pulverized, at every returning season for putting in the crop. 
Every kind of manure may be a])p!ied with great advantage under 
ordinary care and judgment, and no kind of land will belter 
re})ay tlie occupier for his outlay. 
Cold Heavg and Cold Thin Clays. — As the management of 
these must be similar, they may, for the sake of brevity, be taken 
together. In breaking them up it will be necessary, on the thin 
clays, to pare and l)urn as thin as possible, while on the heavy 
soils it will be right to go deeper. The thin clays will not bear 
so heavy a rotation of cropping as the strong soils, and the appli- 
cation of dung should be more frequent and in lesser quantities : 
with slight deviations, however, they may be cultivated in the 
same manner as the cold heavy clays. Land of this strong tena- 
cious character, when properly underdrained, will make very use- 
ful pasture, or good arable lands, and neither without it. Tliis is 
absolutely necessary to every soil of any degree of tenacity. The 
