520 Advantages and Disadvantages of Breaking up Grass Land. 
and planted with some unexhausting variety. Beans, well manured, 
and in rows, should follow the wheat, to be succeeded by wheat 
again, and then fallowed and sown, first with turnips, or rape; 
second, oats; third, clover ; fourth, wheat ; fifth, beans, manured ; 
sixth, wheat. Third course: — First, turnips, after a good fallow, 
well manured ; second, wheat ; third, beans, in rows, to be horse- 
hoed ; fourth, wheat. Fourth course: — Turnips, oats or barley, 
clover, wheat, beans, wheat. Twelve tons of manure must be 
applied to the turnip crop, and six tons to the bean crop, per 
acre; and with this liberal supply of manure, and this system of 
alternate cropping, these soils will be kept in good heart and con- 
dition, thus producing a greater amount of food ; and being kept 
in such a slate as to yield a higher rental to the landlord, will 
ultimately cause the equalization in price of both arable and 
pasture lands. 
XXXII. — On Cheapness of Draining. By Ph. Pusey, M.P. 
Having given in this Journal low estimates of the amount to 
which it seemed to me practicable to reduce the price of draining- 
tiles and of cutting the drains, I am now enabled to substantiate 
those estimates by what is much more satisfactory — actual cost. 
The field I shall instance is of 18 acres, consisting chiefly of 
strong clay, was drained a year since, and the cost has been 
only 30/., or about \l. l.Ss. per acre. The work was done with 
inch-pipes, laid at a depth of 34 inches, and, on examining 
them yesterday, I found a steady stream flowing from the mouth 
of each pipe, notwithstanding the stiffness of the clay in which 
they are buried. As estimates of 8/. per acre are still to be met 
with, and as it is sometimes said that 3/. are the least sum for 
which an acre of land can be drained, although I have no dis- 
covery to make known, the simple facts of the case may not be 
useless. 
The inch-pipes cost me 10s. only per 1000. By cost I do not 
mean any estimate of the expense at which I had made them : 
such estimates are often deceptive. Ten shillings were the price 
paid for them to a tradesman, including, therefore, his profit. I 
know that 16s. and I8s. are even now charged for such pipes in 
many parts of England ; but as this extra price is a heavy tax 
upon draining, I wish to convince the tile-makers themselves that 
it is for their own interest to reduce it. There are no peculiar 
advantages in this neighbourhood to account for our lower price. 
Coals, indeed, arc rather high, costing 20s. per ton. The whole 
