spring Park Farm. 
531 
dressed with manure, and sown, according to the season, with 
mangold wurzel, swedes, cabbages, and turnips. 
2ncl year, oats, or barley, with clover seeds. 
3rd year, clover, affording 2 crops of hay. 
4th year, beans or peas. 
The beans are the sort known as the Russian or winter, and are 
sown in September and October, in drills 28 inches asunder ; 
and in May, when they have been thoroughly cleaned, and the 
ground between has been well pulverised by the hand and horse- 
hoes, rows of turnips (the stone) are drilled in. After harvesting 
the beans the turnips undergo the usual hand and horse-hoeings, 
and by Michaelmas are ready for feeding off. 
5th year, wheat. 
In this way I obtain in five years 3 corn, 2 hay, and 2 cattle 
crops, and the turnips in the beans, and the land gets a liberal 
dressing of dung (besides the sheep manuring), a constant return 
of alterative cropping is kept up, and a cleansing crop alternates 
between the corn : by these means the land after each course is 
brought into a cleaner and more healthy condition, and its 
fertility goes on increasing. 
My practice is to drill everything (except clover), to carefully 
hand and horse hoe and weed, so as to keep the land occupied 
and devoted wholly to the plants I wish growing, and to give to 
the vegetation the benefit of frequent stirrings and aeration. My 
rye, tares, and cereal corn, are all drilled 12 inches apart, and my 
beans, peas, and roots, at 28 inches ; when this routine is esta- 
blished, the only dressing necessary is that for the green or root 
crops, and by cattle-feeding in sheds the mangold wurzel and 
half the swedes with oil cake, and a proper care of the manure, 
ample provision may be raised on every farm. In the spring 
the hoes are kept constantly moving, the hand-hoes in the nar- 
row, and the horse-hoes in the wider drills, beginning in the 
latter with those with tines which break the surface and fetch up 
the root-weeds, and afterwards letting follow those with knives 
which cut off all surface weeds ; by these means, and the free 
use of P'inlayson's harrow after most ploughings, I have brought 
my land clean, and am able to entirely dispense with fallows. 
The following calculations are drawn out to show that with 
even moderate returns and prices, and high rates of charges, a 
fair tenant's profit may be made by this practice : — 
