Oa the Double Culture of Turnips between Feas. 591 
time ; forked irons are attached to the drill, which drawing a hue 
on either side of each furrow, closes tlie earth upon the seed 
lightly, and while it is moist. If the land is very clean, the first 
hand-hoeing may omitted; indeed, unless despatch is made 
there is little time for two, as the peas soon shake hands across the 
furrow, and to attempt to hoe after they have done so, or have 
squatted, will of course be an injury by the passage of the imple- 
ment over the pea-crop. I have named the 1st of April as the 
time for putting in the peas, as a guide of time only, the pressure 
of barley season being seldom over before; but white peas and 
all peas avoid the dolphin, and crop generally best when put in as 
early in the year as the land will suit ; by the same general rule 
I name the 1st of June for the turnips, whereas it may happen, if 
the peas are forward, the turnips must be drilled in May. 
It is preferable to broadcast the guano before the peas are 
sown, as, letting alone any advantage to the peas, it has not been 
found that the peas draw the guano too much from the turnips : 
it causes less labour and trampling than when drilled with the 
latter, as well as being less liable to burn broadcasted, unless 
when drilled with a large proportion of mould. If I had to 
choose between guano drilled with the turnips, and bones dissolved 
in sulphuric acid, I should, I think, prefer the latter to the former 
used in that way, although generally, or following pea-turnip 
culture after the plan my experience has led me to think the best, 
I prefer guano. 
The peas are cut by Dutch hoes or shoveshims, with a cross 
piece to the handle, a boy attending with a hay-fork and clearing 
the peas out of the way of each man as he severs them ; this 
work costs bs. per acre. Whea fit to get together, the men take the 
boys' forks, and with the boys picking up after them, place the 
peas in narrow rows, at "Is. or half the cutting price per acre. If 
the same set of men and boj^s can be spared, they may now begin 
to set out the turnip plants (the boys singling after the hoes) at 6a'. 
or 7s. per acre, the narrow rows of peas being turned over by old 
men or women as the turnips imder them, or the peas, or the 
setting out require. The second hoeing should, if possible, be 
done by the same men as set them out, each to his own ground, at 
say 5s. per acre more. 
My average gi'ovvth for the three years I should set down at 
2i qrs. ; deducting for seed 2 qrs., this at 40s. per quarter is 4.1. 
per acre. If the horsework on the peas and previous prepai'ation 
of the wheat-stubble are balanced against the horsework of a clean 
suuunerland, the extra expense would appear to lie in the two 
hand-hoeings (if two are given), the cutting the peas and getting 
them together, and perhaps also the extra Is. on each of the tur- 
i^ip-hoeings, in all 16s ; leaving 3/. 4s. an acre, and the pea-straw 
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