Prevention of Splenic Fever, S^x., at the Brown Institution. 293 
vessels and lead to extravasation of blood, which of course also 
contains Bacilli. 
In the lungs they are well seen, owing to arrangement of the 
capillaries in the alveolar walls ; but they more rarely lead to 
infarction. 
They do not usually appear in any great number in the 
pleura. 
The liver is sometimes very free from them ; when found, 
they are especially seen in the hepatic veins and their intra- 
lobular tributaries. 
The kidneys usually contain them in very large numbers, 
chiefly in the glomeruli and their afferent and efferent arterioles, 
and in the parts of the vessels in immediate continuity with 
them. Many of the afferent arterioles are almost completely 
plugged by masses of them ; in the glomeruli themselves, 
especially near the surface of the organ, they lie in parallel 
bundles, in such a way that the capillaries appear to be striated; 
and sometimes they form a mass which may occupy a consider- 
able portion of the glomerulus. I have in some of these masses 
seen the formation of spores : a fact, I believe, of great im- 
portance. Rupture of the glomerulus may occur, and the 
Bacilli, usually accompanied by some blood, escape into the con- 
voluted tubes, where they may grow to a considerable length. 
Koch states that they do not pass beyond this position, and 
that he has never seen them in any part of the straight tubes. 
It must, however, be remembered that he is speaking only oi 
rabbits and mice. 
There are many considerations which lead me to believe that 
either Bacilli or spores must, in the majority of cases, pass into 
the urine and be voided with it ; and that this may serve as 
one of the most important carriers of contagion. I shall there- 
fore consider it a little more in detail. First, with regard to 
the glomeruli. It is quite possible that after rupture of the 
capillary network has occurred, and a quantity of blood has been 
extravasated, very few of the Bacilli may traverse the tortuous 
channel and reach the bladder ; but what we know of the 
passage of blood in the urine, under analogous conditions, leads 
me to believe that some small quantity must pass. Again, I 
have frequently observed that individual Bacilli can pass 
through the capillary wall, and even through the walls of large 
vessels. Some may therefore pass into the urine whilst the 
network is as yet unruptured. 
Again, we know that the urine is an excellent nutrient fluid 
for Bacilli, and that they can go on to the formation of spores. 
Once escaped, therefore, into the urinary tract, one or two 
Bacilli may serve to contaminate the whole of the urine. 
