Economical Management of Materials, Sfc, on the Farm. 365 
tible gases. It rests malnlj, I may say wholly, with the 
stoker whether this shall pass off into the atmosphere through 
the chimney in the form of black smoke, more or less dense, or 
whether, as the gases (or smoke) are produced, they are flashed 
into flame and intensely heated gases. In the former case a 
certain volume of cold vapour — for it is this— containing a 
large bulk of unconsumed yet developed black combustible 
matter, is passed along the boiler-bottom and along the flues, 
giving out but comparatively little heat. In the latter case, 
where the smoke is consumed — to use a popular phrase — gases 
are formed, which, passing along the flues in a highly heated 
condition, give out much heat to the boiler and its contents. 
This advantage, and more than this, can be secured by attend- 
ing to the stoking, and doing it well and carefully. 
The Collecting, Stowng-up, and the Utilisation of the 
" Waste," or so-called Waste Materials lying about 
the Farm Buildings, and the vacant spaces, Roads, 
ETC., in their Vicinity. 
■ Many persons who were in the habit of travelling much by 
railway twenty or thirty years ago — must have been struck with 
one thing. This was, say in a long line of railway, the great 
number of " heaps " of waste material, chiefly metal near 
the stations, and those at various parts along the line, were 
made up largely of contractors' plant. For years all this 
material lay untouched and apparently forgotten by the officials 
of the line. At last, under a new regime, those heaps were 
cleared off and sold — or otherwise disposed of. They, in the 
aggregate, represented a very considerable amount, and their 
disposal further left clear very extensive plots of land which, 
Avhen utilised, added considerably to the sums gained by the 
plan of getting rid of all this " waste " or " useless " material. 
The lesson taught by this example is obvious enough. 
It certainly is worthy of being followed, and this, not merely 
because it will afford an example of carefulness to the working 
men of the farm which I believe to be essential, but it will 
secure that degree of " order " which I deem little less so. 
There is this further incentive for the example to be followed, 
that the material collected will be quite equal to the cost of the 
collection. This will be so in the worst, or rather the poorest of 
cases; but in some, indeed not a few, it will, I doubt not, be 
matter of some surprise that so much valuable material has been 
allowed to lie wasting away so long unobserved, at least uncared 
for. In nine cases out of ten the truth really is that few have 
any conception of what the material is which they see litter- 
