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Utilisation of Waste Substances and 
and " pottering " in the extreme. Practical men will not think 
so, for they know that the woik of so arranging materials is 
only or mainly required at the beginning, and that once the 
system is established it involves the outlay of but little time 
to maintain it efficiently. They know, further, that even if all 
this were otherwise, and much time required to arrange the 
materials orderly, time would still be saved in the long run. 
It is difficult indeed to over-estimate the importance in cases of 
emergency of being able at once to find some material, tool, or 
appliance — and emergencies of a kind involving the chances of 
loss of life, and generally of property, are likely to arise, and do 
often arise, in the daily routine of farm-work. At all events, such 
arrangements as now indicated will economise time. This no 
one will dispute, any more than it will be disputed that to save 
time is to save money. And saving of any and every kind is 
what the farmer and his staff should aim at. And how to save 
and what to save are the subjects of this paper, even its very 
raison d'etre. And although, taking the departments separately, 
the value of what is saved may be but trifling, still, when all the 
departments are taken together, an aggregate amount will be 
arrived at by no means to be despised. Over and above which, 
the other advantages I have named as flowing out of the im- 
proved system of working should by right be placed to its 
credit ; not the least valuable of which is the establishing of 
a system which will maintain order throughout the farm. 
I have named a few of the odds and ends of materials which 
are to be found in greater or less profusion on many farms. 
Those will not always all be found, but there is one material 
rarely absent, and that is wood or timber. This may either be 
almost wholly the home-grown timber of the estate, or it may 
be partly this, and partly such pieces or scantlings of foreign 
timber as may have been left over from the time when the farm- 
buildings were at first erected, or from some subsequently made 
repairs, alterations, or additions. But, however found, it may 
be perfectly set down as a rule having few exceptions that both 
in quantity and quality the waste timber " lying knocking 
about," — as the popular phrase somewhat paradoxically has it — 
is much more worthy of attention than is generally supposed. 
Saving and utilising the waste timber of our Estates and 
Farms. — In too many cases no attempt is made even to save or 
set aside the so-called " waste timber " lying at numerous places. 
So far from utilising any of it, I have, as already named, 
known of instances where timber was required for repairs, 
where it had to be sent for, and of course paid for at the usual 
market-price, although all the while more than one piece of the 
waste timber was suitable for the purpose. There is of course a 
A 
