Report on the Studs and Breeds of Horses in Hungary. 441 
the past few years, I see no alternative but the putting such 
land down in grass, and raising young cattle and hay upon it. 
This in its social aspect is a retrograde movement, but " necessity 
has no laws." If corn-growing should again become profitable, 
the same land would for many years be far more valuable for 
arable purposes because of the rest it had had — at all events the 
farmer in the meantime would be relieved of all anxiety arising 
from unfavourable seed-time, inclement winters, disastrous har- 
A'ests, and other perplexities incident to the growing of grain- 
crops. 
Clajoham Park, Bedfordshire, April 1880. 
XXIV. — Report on the Studs and Breeds of Horses in Hungary. 
J3y J. Collins, Principal Veterinary Surgeon to the Forces. 
[Reprinted by permission of tlie Secretary of State for War.] 
The Government studs in Hungary are established for the 
purpose of breeding stallions for the service of the mares of 
the country. They do not breed horses for the army, or for 
sale, with one exception, to be noted hereafter. Sales are held 
annually at each establishment, but simply for the disposal of 
colts and fillies, that are considered unfit for stud purposes, and 
the worn-out and useless mares and stallions. 
There are four studs, as follows : — 
At Mezohegyes, Department Csanad. 
At Kisber, Department Komarom. 
At Babolna, Department Komarom. 
At Fogaras, Department Transylvania. 
Mezohegyes. 
Founded in 1785. — I inspected this stud on the 28th and 29th 
of August, 1879. There are four troops of brood mares of dis- 
tinct types, as follows : — 
1. Half-bred, English 8-i 
2. Nonius, large 67 
3. „ small 94 
4. Gidrans 81 
The original stock from which these mares are, by repute, 
descended was very mixed. It is said to have been the in- 
digenous breed, undoubtedly, I think, of Eastern origin, crossed 
with horses from Transylvania, Bessarabia, Poland, Mecklen- 
burg, Turkey, and, no doubt, from many other sources ; but the 
