444 Report on the Studs and Breeds of Horses in Hungary. 
own place at the manger with the greatest regularity. At one 
end is an ample trough kept well supplied with fresh water. 
The different troops of mares and young stock were all out 
grazing in various parts of the estate at my visit. 
The estate of Mezohegyes is very extensive, consisting of 
some 30,000 acres, and everything for the use of the stud is 
grown on the farm.* The pasture, in our sense of the term, is 
very indifferent ; the face of the country at the period of my 
visit (August) much resembled India ; flat, sandy, very hot ; 
everything parched and dried-up. Protection from the sun is 
afforded by belts of the quick-growing acacia-tree, which stretch 
away for miles over the country. The pastures are formed by 
artificial grasses, ryegrass, clover, lucerne, &c., and huge stacks 
of hay are dotted all over the estate. If the young stock, how- 
ever, had to depend solely on the pastures, as they do in Ireland, 
for example, very different animals would be the result ; they 
would resemble the Indian country-bred, — thin, lathy, spindle- 
legged, flat-sided, and which, if worked early, become " knocked- 
kneed " and " cat-hammed ;" and this is the condition in which 
we find the average run of horses of the country, clearly showing 
that good keep is the first essential in the improvement of any 
breed of horses, given either by rich natural pastures, as with 
us, or by artificial diet, as is carried out in these studs. 
The home-stallions, that is, those used exclusively for the stud 
mares, are 17 in number. They are of the following breeds : — 
English, full and half-bred. 
Anglo-Arab. 
Anglo-Nonius. 
Gidran. 
Norfolk. 
The large horses owe their size to the English blood ; on the 
other hand, all the small stallions have more or less Arab blood. 
The largest stallions are the Nonius horses ; the small are 
Gidrans, or pure Arabs. There is also a cross of the Nonius- 
Gidrans, which is thought much of. I was of opinion that all 
these stallions were very well selected ; their points were excel- 
lent throughout ; they were of the right size, with undeniably 
good joints and legs, and of good action. 
The names of the original imported sires are retained during 
many generations. On walking through the studs and stallion 
depots, the pedigrees, as may be seen written up at every head- 
post, indicate how much the English blood has been resorted to, 
from the familiarity of the names. In addition to those already 
mentioned : viz. " Furioso " and " Nordstar," the founders, so to 
* This is by far the largest of the four studs. 
