450 Report on the Studs and Breeds of Horses in Hungary. 
stud at Lippica, near Trieste. The stock consists principally of 
crosses of Spanish, Neapolitan, and Arab blood. Of these there 
are five strains, known as follows : — " Majestoso," " Conversano," 
" Favory," " Pluto," and " Neapolitano," from the names of the 
original sires. There are nearly 100 brood-mares. The breed 
runs small — in fact, ponies and galloways ; but I have no doubt 
that, of their kind, they are excellent. I saw several small 
horses, said to have been bred in Transylvania, and they were 
certainly, for their size, remarkably good. 
Original Hungarian Breed. 
Being anxious to see the reputed original Hungarian breed 
of horse, which is said to have been preserved intact from a 
remote period, I proceeded to Debrecsen (Comitat di Hajdu), 
where a troop of these horses is kept, on the 13th of September. 
I found that they present distinctive characteristics not found so 
fully developed elsewhere, although the " caste " can be seen 
more or less stamped all through the country. If we take 
the conformation of these horses into consideration, we find the 
following : — 
Large head, long ears, Roman nose ; 
Thick throat and neck ; 
Good broad chest ; 
Shoulders straight and low ; 
Long back, flat loin ; 
Hind legs far behind ; 
Good flat legs ; 
Hocks close together ; 
Excellent quarters and thighs ; 
Rather light barrel ; 
Colour, full bay; height, 14 to 15*2 ; average, 14 '2. 
The pure Hungarian, then, is by no means a handsome horse ; 
if anything, the reverse. He has some of the characters of the 
Persian, with a Norman cross. Mr. Kish, an old and influential 
resident gentleman of the highest authority here, informed me 
that there was, a long time ago, some infusion of Spanish blood. 
This may account for the round, ugly nose, from the Norman 
cross which the Spanish horse possesses ; and it is very likely 
that the prancing, high-stepping Spaniard was introduced to 
improve the action of the original breed ; as I believe to this 
day, in the Austrian stud at Lippica, horses of Spanish and 
Neapolitan extraction are retained for the purpose. The 
indigenous breed of early days was, I should think, undoubtedly 
of the Eastern type. However, at the present time these horses 
are by no means distinguished for their action. I would say that 
