Report on the Studs and Breeds of Horses in Hungary. 453 
On the whole, I thought the stallions were excellent, and 
well selected. I was most struck with the Anglo-Arab, the 
English blood predominating. There were many excellent 
English full and half-breds. The large Nonius I think too big, 
they are more like tall van-horses. They all had excellent 
fore-legs, with great breadth under the knee. This point 
appears to have been specially attended to, as in all the studs 
and depots the breadth under the knee was remarkable. They 
all have excellent backs and loins. The defects which I noticed 
in some were indifferent hocks, and with the tall horses narrow 
chests ; and I fear that a good many of the English and half- 
English were " roarers ;" although this is a malady not at all 
common in the produce of the country ; in fact, out of a large 
number examined (several hundreds), not one case of " roaring " 
was met with. This I attribute to the dry climate. In warm 
climates, and with the Eastern breed of horses, " roaring " is 
unknown. 
I also noticed some excellent home-bred Arabs, i.e. from 
imported sire and dam, and was much struck with the effects of 
early feeding and good keep. Arabs, as a rule, are seldom over 
14*2 ; yet some of these horses were 15"1 to 15"2, with all the 
fine characteristics of the Arab breed, showing unmistakably 
how essential early feeding is to obtain size and strength. 
I noticed also some Norfolk horses ; but I doubt very much 
if, with the small well-bred average breed of mares, they are 
suitable. The produce is coarse, unevenly made, wants stamina, 
and requires good feeding, and I believe is not in favour. It is 
probable that in those districts where the mares are large, as in 
Moson, Sopson, Vas, and Zala, on the Austrian frontier, where 
the German peasants preserve the larger and coarser German 
horse, that the Norfolk would answer, but the Norfolk does not 
improve the Arab. To give size to the latter, the English 
thorough or three-fourths bred is more suited. 
In addition to the Government studs, there are numerous 
private studs throughout the country. I had not an oppor- 
tunity of seeing any of these studs, but next the Government 
haras, the finest mares are there, I believe, kept, and the best 
horses produced, from the care and attention bestowed upon 
them. 
The principal feature which arrests the attention of a 
stranger in visiting the Hungarian studs is the great im- 
portance attached to the imported English horse. Thorough 
and half-bred — in fact, the English blood — pervades more or 
less the whole stock with few exceptions, as where the Arab 
blood exists pure or mixed. 
