Report on the Cattle Disease in the Island of Cyprus. 463 
thereto, shall be cleansed and purified as the said Commissioner or 
Inspector may direct. 
(^g) No animal shall be allowed at large on any highway, common, 
or unenclosed land within any of the said scheduled places or areas 
save by the written authority of the said Inspector or Commissioner. 
(Ji) No markets, ftiirs, or public exposure for sale of any animal shall 
be permitted in any of the said scheduled places or areas without the 
written authority of the said Commissioner or Inspector. 
(t) The carrying, leading, or driving of animals on any highway or 
thoroughfare in the said scheduled places or areas without such autho- 
rity as aforesaid is prohibited. 
3. — Any contravention of the foregoing orders, or any obstruction to any 
officer or person concerned in the carrying out thereof, is punishable under 
the provisions of the above-mentioned Ordinance by a fine for the first 
offence not exceeding 5?., for the second offence not exceeding 10/., and for the 
third offence not exceeding 201., any portion of which may be awarded to the 
person or persons giving information of the offence. 
4. — The High Commissioner has appointed Dr. He'idenstam, Civil Surgeon 
of Larnaca, to be Chief Inspector of Cattle Disease. 
5. — Commissioners of Districts arc to pay such portions of fines as may 
be recovered for any contravention of the above orders or of the said Ordi- 
nance, and as may not be awarded to the informer, into the District Treasury. 
They shall also transmit weekly to the Chief Secretary to the Government, 
for the information of the High Commissioner, an account of all such fines, 
and of the disposal thereof. 
6. — The word " animals " occurring in the foregoing orders until further 
notice is applicable only to bulls, cows, oxen and calves. 
Published by command. 
(Signed) Claude Delaval Cobham, 
Acting Chief Secretary to Government. 
February 7th, 1880. 
It was not merely difficult, but often utterly impossible, to 
combat the indifference shown by the peasantry for the official 
regulations. In many instances this indifference was coupled 
with culpable disobedience to the orders given by the authorities 
in the interest of the community at large. The ordinary 
peasants, through ignorance and stupidity, which was even 
greater in Turkish than in Christian villages, would take no 
steps to check the progress of the malady, many Mohammedans 
believing that to attempt to avoid sickness or any kind of 
calamity is perfectly useless, while the more fanatical consider 
such an act contrary to their religious ideas. 
While struggling with the stupidity of the ordinary peasants, 
it was riecessary to combat the cupidity of the cattle-dealers, 
who, setting the ordinance and the regulations that were made 
under it at defiance, purchased cattle in places infected with 
disease, and where the peasantry, fearing to lose their animals 
by sickness, were Avilling to dispose of them for anything they 
could get. These beasts were driven secretly to villages that 
were free from the malady, where they were sold, and where 
they carried the germ of the disease with them. 
