520 
The Cumherland and Westmoreland 
a bank at Penrith, but lives at home. With this large family it 
will not be surprising that Mr. Lowthian is his own butcher. 
Beef and mutton are the meats principally consumed. A very 
nice young bullock, weighing about 36 stone of 14 lbs., had been 
killed a day or two previous to our February visit, and if the 
excellent appetite caused by the rarity of the air at this eleva- 
tion did not deceive us, the quality of the Winder Hall beef 
is indeed first-rate. 
Dairy. — Butter is sold at Penrith by Miss Lowthian. It 
makes good prices. We find by inspection of the book that 
prices have ranged this season from W\d. to Is. XOd. Some- 
times a fortnight's cream is churned at once, and upwards of 
100 lbs. thus sold together. 
I have before said that one of Mr. Lowthian's sons acts as 
engine-driver, and I may now add that another son goes with 
the horses, and two daughters assist with house-work, dairy, 
milking, &c. Only one maid-servant is kept. About 2 men 
and 2 boys, besides this industrious family, complete the ordi- 
nary labour-staff. The first of these gets \\s. a week, besides 
his cottage, garden, and board; and the others 11?. 10s., 8/., and 
6/. respectively, the half-year. It will not be surprising then 
that, under these circumstances, the actual money-payments 
under the head " Labour " are remarkably small. Last year 
they were 101 Z. 12s. 
Cakes and Artificial Mamires. — The bills for cakes amounted 
in 1879 to 240/., and those for artificial manures to 86Z. 13s. 
When it is considered that the whole of the corn grown on the 
farm is consumed, these amounts, which nearly equal the rent, 
show great liberality of management ; but we had no doubt, from 
the figures shown us, that such generosity is paid for. There 
were three years' wool in the granary, and an appearance of 
modest prosperity which was gratifying in these times, and 
which is no doubt owing to the energy and industry of 
Mr. Lowthian and his family. In conclusion, a ride over this 
farm is a pleasure in more senses than one. One's love for the 
beauties of Nature is not only gratified by the splendid prospect, 
but one feels also that the same Nature which would quickly 
reassert her power on those lofty hills, has been subdued and 
made to yield herself captive at the hand of the tiller of the soil. 
If any one wants a comparison of her savage with her conquered 
state, he can have it by looking over Mr. Lowthian's fences on 
to fields which have been left untouched, and which, possibly 
more pleasing to an artist, have not the same charm to the eye 
of an agriculturist. Mr. Lowthian's reign here has been cha- 
racterised by vast improvements. The whole farm has been 
relaid in new fields and limed. Draining to a large extent 
has been carried out by the landlord, 5 per cent, being paid on 
