532 The Cumberland and Westmoreland 
preparation. Several other horses are kept on the farm. The 
total number in February was 23, and in July 22. They con- 
sist of young cart and nag colts and fillies of various ages. 
Cattle. — A large stock of cattle is kept, though breeding is 
not practised to the extent we found on some of the farms. The 
cattle are good Shorthorns, without anything very noticeable in 
their character. Only 4 to 6 cows are milked, but a large 
quantity of beef is made on the farm. In February we found 
140 head of cattle of various ages, but principally feeders, as 
follows: — „. ^ 
34 rattening steers. 
20 do. heifers. 
34 2-year-old steers. 
24 Steer calves. 
6 Milch cows. 
4 Young calves. 
1 Bull. 
17 Yearling heifers. 
140 
In May there were 129 head, several of the wintered cattle 
having been finished and sold since our first visit ; and in July 
the number was 133. 
It would be useless with a stock of this kind to attempt to 
describe the method of feeding, as it varies with the cattle. In 
winter they are kept in byres, and get oat-straw, oat-meal, decor- 
ticated and linseed-cake, with roots. In summer they run in 
the parks, which are very fair land. The heifers this spring 
made about 20^. apiece, and the steers 25/. to 211. ; this 
will give an idea of their age and sort. About 30 acres of the 
park-land is mown every year, and 112 grazed. Mr. Tinniswood 
sometimes sells hay when he can get 5/. or upwards a ton, and 
as he cannot make down all his straw without open yards, he 
always sells his wheat-straw, and occasionally (but seldom) some 
oat-straw. About bd. per stone is made of the wheat- and Ad. 
per stone of the oat-straw. 
Sheep. — Breeding is carried on to a limited extent. This 
year there were 109 half-bred Leicester Cheviot ewes. They 
were bought in October at 41.s. 9d. each, an excellent bargain we 
thought. They were ewes of a good class, and were kept up to 
Christmas on the grass land without any artificial help. Twelve 
of them were shown at Harrison's Mart, Carlisle, at Christmas, 
which took the first prize in their class, and also the champion 
prize, as the best pen of sheep in the Show. After Christmas 
they got turnips on the grass. They began to lamb by the first 
week in April, and their lambs were sold fat during the summer. 
