534 
The Cumberland and Westmoreland 
As this is a characteristic farm of the best type of Cum- 
berland, I give the routine of daily labour. The labourers 
begin work at 5 A.M. in summer and 5.30 A.M. in winter. 
Each man cleans 20 cattle out before breakfast, besides at- 
tending to his horses. In summer they breakfast at 6, and 
in winter at 6.30, on porridge-and-milk and bread -and cheese. 
(The head man lives a little better, and gets ham and coffee.) 
From Whitsuntide to Martinmas, or in hay-time and harvest, 
when work is pressing and it is very important to get it done, 
they stop for a few minutes at 10 o'clock and get some bread- 
and-cheese and one pint of beer each, which they carry with 
them into the fields ; but some are teetotallers, and get milk 
instead. At 12 they return with their horses to dinner. This 
consists of fruit and suet-puddings and meat, nearly always 
beef or mutton. In the afternoon (in hay-time and harvest 
only) they again get some bread-and-cheese and sometimes beer, 
and at 6.30 their supper is served, which consists of milk boiled 
with flour in it, white bread (if they have not had it in the 
afternoon), and tea. One of the horsemen helps the cowman 
on Sundays throughout the day. 
Cakes and Artificial Manures. — The outlay on these has been 
as follows : — 
Years. 1 Cakes. Manures. , Total. 
£ 
s. 
d. 
£ 
d. 
£ 
8. 
d. 
lS7r)-6 
200 
4 
3 
239 
10 
4 
445 
19 
7 
1876-7 
394 
10 
0 
036 
O 
4* 
1030 
13 
4 
1S77-8 
460 
13 
10 
471 
18 
10 
932 
12 
8 
1878-9 
397 
18 
11 
392 
13 
2 
790 
12 
1 
1879-80 
380 
0 
9 
340 
5 
0 
729 
5 
9 
These figures need very little comment. I have already said 
that the cakes used are linseed and decorticated cotton, and the 
manure is nearly all pure dissolved bones. The outlay is con- 
siderable, but not extravagant. It can, however, only be com- 
])ensatcd by good crops on the improved land, and these have 
tortunately been secured generally. 
Unilditir/s. — The farm premises are good and sufficient. 
About 40/. a year has been added to the rental by various im- 
provements which have been made at Mr. Tinniswood's desire 
since he became tenant, and this represents an outlay of about 
800/. I must particularly notice a very superior shed for corn, 
* 100 acres of common were in green crop ttis year. 
