544 
TJie Cumberland and Westmoreland 
stock almost uniformly dear, and with a large breadth of turnips 
and new seeds, it may be questioned whether Mr. Graham would 
not find his profits increased by departure from the old rule, 
even if he could not winter the lambs produced. As the sheep 
are all bought in, they are of varying classes according to the 
markets, but " three-parts-bred " sheep are preferred. This is 
the northern expression for two crosses of Border Leicester on 
Cheviot, which probably form the most useful class of sheep 
that can be fed in this locality. Considerable numbers of these 
tegs are bought in spring for the grass and seeds. They are 
clipped and sent off fat, but some may be left sometimes to 
finish with turnips. Others, again, are bought for tlie turnip- 
eating, and these should go in spring, clipping about 7 or 8 lbs. 
of wool apiece. The sheep we saw were of a very good class, 
and numbered in February 300, in May 400, and in July 310. 
Cattle. — In this department of stock-farming breeding is 
carried on to a considerable extent. The number of cows 
milked varies, but there may be generally about These are 
all Shorthorns of a good type and bred on the farm. I need 
hardly say that pedigree bulls alone are used. The animal at 
present in use is an Oxford bull got by " Duke of Kirklevington," 
dam "Rose of Oxford" by " Barrington Oxford." 
The stock on the farm at the visit in February consisted of — 
21 Cows and heifers in-milk and in-calf. 
34 Feeding bullocks, heifers, and cows, bred on the 
farm (would average about 3 years old). 
30 Two-year-olds for summering. 
28 Yearlings. 
2 Calves. 
1 Bull. 
IIG 
In April there were 103. 
The cows get turnips and oat-straw in winter, but no cake, 
and seldom meal. The feeding-bullocks and heiiers get the 
same, with the addition of meal or cake. There are some 
feeding-pastures on the farm, and consequently fattening is 
carried on both in summer and winter. The cow-pasture near 
the house carries a cow an acre, which will give an idea of the 
quality of the land. The stock is very good upon the whole, 
and does credit to the farm. 
Horses. — Four pairs of cart-horses are worked. They are of 
the Cumberland breed, with a good deal of Clydesdale character. 
They are very good animals, and there must be a great deal of 
work for them on a farm of this size. But steam-cultivation is 
