540 The Cumberland and Westmoreland 
respect. The Avomen get Is. 3f/. a day. The actual outlay in 
waf/cs is therefore (as on all these northern farms) very small, 
amounting to about 350/. per annum on the averaffe. 
Cakes and Artificials. — About 50 tons of cake were consumed 
in 1879, most of which was Earles and King's linseed-cake from 
Liverpool, and some decorticated cotton-cake is also used on 
grass ; but the quantity will be a good deal reduced in 1880, 
in consequence of the badness of the home-grown corn, and 
therefore its increased consumption. 
Upon the whole this is a farm which will bear a considerable 
amount of inspection. The land is good, the fields are large and 
well laid out, and the production of corn and meat is consider- 
able. The stock is, generally speaking, good, and the hedges and 
lences are fairly kept. Some very good three-parts-bred sheep 
were bought at Penrith Fair at 58s. apiece. The wintered 
sheep were also a good class, and well done. 
Mr. Graham was, however, unfortunate enough to suffer very 
heavily from the severity of the frost in early winter. A large 
quantity of swedes were carted after the first frost in November, 
and were almost entirely destroyed. Those left on the land 
were also desperately injured. On none of the other farms did 
we find anything like the injury done ; and this was, perhaps, 
owing partly to the nature of the soil, and partly to the lowness 
of the land, but also, no doubt, to some extent, to want of 
timely care. Had the roots been treated like some we saw, a 
very fine crop for the season (as they unquestionably were) 
might have been saved, and a sad and deplorable waste pre- 
vented. Moreover, in July the wheat-crop also was most 
unpromising, a large portion of it being exceedingly thin and 
weedy. The mea{low-land which is mown is well treated, A 
very heavy dressing of compost (road-scrapings and ditch- 
cleanings, mixed with abundance of lime) had been carted on it 
in the winter, and at the Reporting Judges' spring visit it 
showed its gratitude by a more bountiful promise than we found 
elsewhere. 
One word in conclusion. It seemed to the writer of this 
Report that the farm had bv no means the protection it deserved 
from the incursions of the neighbouring rivers. A Scottish raid 
in the present day could scarcely work greater havoc than is 
occasioned sometimes by this cause. I began by a comparison 
of this land with that of the lower districts of Lincolnshire, but 
a fenman would stand aghast at the frail protection afforded by 
the banks or " dykes " which are here thought sufficient for 
defence. The rivers which unite here are rapid streams subject 
to sudden rise, and, to increase the danger, they meet at this 
point the tide of the Solway. Backed up in this manner they 
