5G0 
Tlie Cumberland and Westmoreland 
one side of the coast for many miles, and on the other of very 
fine mountain groups. 
Sixty acres are arable and 40 pasture. The size of the fields 
is convenient for so small a farm, running from 4 to 8 acres. It 
is nicely laid out, and convenient for good roads, the main turn- 
pike from Whitehaven to the south intersecting one portion of it, 
and a by-road running off from this to the house and buildings. 
Fences. — The fences are nearly all straight, and are of quick- 
thorn, planted on banks. They are very nicely kept, and reflect 
great credit on the tenant. 
Cropping — The usual system of cropping adopted is — 
(1.) Swedes (8 acres), Potatoes (4 acres). 
(2.) Wheat and oats. 
(3.) Seeds mown. 
(4.) Ditto grazed. 
(5.) Oats. 
Swedes. — The ])reparation of the land for swedes begins as 
earl} as practicable. Two ploughings are sufficient, and the land 
being little subject to couch, no picking by hand or otherwise is 
necessary. It is manured with 15 loads of farmyard-dung, and. 
11 cwt. of mixed artificial manure per acre. (About an acre of 
mangold is grown and treated precisely in a similar way.) The 
land is ridged, and the seed sown the first week in May. The 
artificials consist partly of dissolved bones, costing 8/. per ton ; 
and partly of Peruvian guano, at 13Z. 5s. The swedes this year 
were grand in appearance, a perfect plant, mo£t healthy and 
luxuriant. Although not quite so forward as Mr. Parker's (in 
Westmoreland), they were as fine and promising as could be 
wished. Mr, Benson informed us that last year was the first of 
his tenancy on this farm, when the crop of turnips had been 
anything but first-rate. In that season they did not attain their 
usual size ; but 29 tons 14 cwt. per acre was grown in 1878. 
The whole of the roots are removed from the land. 
Potatoes. — The above crop was even excelled in appearance 
by the 4 acres of potatoes. Of these, 2^ acres consisted of 
Champions, and 1^ acre of Skerry-blues. Just half-a-ton an acre 
had sufficed to plant the Champions, which were the most mag- 
nificent crop we saw in our travels. These potatoes got 20 loads 
of dung, but not so much artificial as the swedes — about 5 cwt. 
per acre. 
Corn Crops. — Wheat follows the swedes, and oats the potatoes. 
The kind of wheat sown is a red variety, and it is got in November. 
About 3 bushels per acre are sown. The crop this year was 
not heavy, but very clean and healthy. 
Seeds. — The seeds which follow both these crops were this 
