Farm-Prize Competition, 1880. 
51)3 
way between Penrith and Carlisle, and which seems to have 
been formerly a forest-region. It is not, generally speaking, an 
inviting district, but is apparently one capable of great improve- 
ment. It is about eight miles from the former town, and eleven 
from the latter, and some four miles Avest of the Calthwaite 
Station. The elevation of the farm is no less than 520 feet 
above sea-level. 
General Characteristics. — ^Ir. Kitchen is another instance of 
industry rewarded, and his farm is in every respect a creditable 
one. It is held on a yearly tenancy from INlr. R. Barton, of 
Carlisle, but has been in Mr, Kitchen's possession for thirty 
years. Everything denotes a complete confidence between 
landlord and tenant. The buildings are good ; far superior to 
the general run on such small farms in this county. The fai'm is 
exceedingly well-laid out, with good gates and straight and well- 
kept fences of quick-thorn. The rickyard is neatly kept, with 
a numbered stone against each stack, against which a reference 
is kept for condition. There is an open courtyard behind the 
house, which is rendered clean and agreeable by the absence of 
the usual dungheap. The farm is well done, the stock excel- 
lent, and the whole bears an aspect of neatness and prosperity 
which is very pleasing. 
Soil. — The soil is a reddish loam with a subsoil of clay. It 
is rather strong, and requires the exercise of a good deal of 
judgment in working. 
Size and Terms of lenancij. — The farm is 140 acres in 
extent; viz. 126 acres arable, 10 meadow-land (mown), and 
4 plantation and roads. By the terms of his agreement 
Mr. Kitchen can farm as he likes and sell what he likes, but 
he never avails himself of this privilege to sell hay, straw, or 
any corn except wheat. 
Cropping. — The course of cropping is the usual one of the 
county, viz. : — 
(1.) 20 to 26 acres swedes and turnips. 
(2.) Wheat, barley, and oats. 
(3.) Seeds, generally mown (but not all). 
(4.) Ditto, grazed. 
(5.) Oats. 
Root Crops. — The land for swedes is excellently managed. 
They are sown on ridges 32 inches apart, and manured with 
20 cartloads of dung per acre, and 6 cwt. of dissolved bones. 
For common turnips this heavy manuring cannot be afforded, 
and they get 9 or 10 cwt. per acre of artificial alone. Not more 
than one-third of the root-crop is carted, and the rest is con- 
sumed on the land ; and in this matter we thought Mr. Kitchen 
2 o 2 
