Report on Live-Stock at Carlisle. 
GOl 
my duties have associated me, for the courtesy and aid I have 
uniformly met with at their hands, which has made the period 
of my office a pleasurable one to look back upon. 
The last Senior Steward concluded his Report by wishing 
that the sun might shine brightly on the next Annual Meeting. 
This it has failed to do ; but we must all hope that it win make 
amends for its absence from Kilburn and Carlisle by showing 
itself with increased brilliancy at Derby, in 1881, under his 
Presidency. 
Ewenny Priory, Bridgend. 
XXXII. — Report on Live-Stock at Carlisle. By FiNLAY DuN, 
2 Portland Place, London. 
Since the Royal visited Carlisle in 1855 many and great 
changes have taken place in agriculture. Steam has been 
applied to the cultivation of the soil, reaping and mowing 
machines have been widely introduced, great improvements 
have been made in all the mechanical appliances of the farm, 
general and technical education has extended amongst the 
agricultural classes. The live-stock of the farm has been con- 
siderably improved ; useful economical animals have been more 
widely distributed ; the opportunities and facilities for obtain- 
ing superior sires have been multiplied and extended. 
Mist and rain make Cattle-breeding the prominent feature of 
Cumberland and Westmoreland farming. Long anterior to 1855 
the observant North-countrymen appreciated the good qualities 
of the improved Durhams, and bought, hired, or clubbed to- 
gether to procure goodly well-shaped bulls. Persistent con- 
tinuance in this wise course has left its mark upon the cattle of 
the district — size, substance, and quality being seldom so largely 
found elsewhere. This early supremacy has been maintained 
and extended by the spirited introduction of numerous superior 
herds of Shorthorns. Besides others of good local repute, too 
numerous to mention, are Lord Bective's "Duchesses," " Airdrie 
Duchesses," "Princesses," "Red Roses" and "Wild Eyes;" 
Sir Wilfrid Lawson's " Wild Eyes " and his grand old " Ben- 
sons," topped by " Baron Oxford 6th," and other first-class 
sires ; Mr. S. P. Foster's superior " Oxfords," " Wild Eyes " and' 
"Duchess Nancys;" the Rev. T. Staniforth's excellent Booths,, 
chiefly bred from Mr. T. E. Pawlett's " Rose of Hope " of the 
Mantalini tribe ; and Mr. J. Hetherington's " Gvvynnes." Close 
at hand, in the corner of North Lancashire, are the Duke of 
