602 
Bcport on Live-Stoch at Carlisle, 
Devonshire's unrivalled " Oxfords " and " Winsomes," Lord 
Lathom's " Duchpsses," descended from his New York Mills 
6000-guineas 1st Duchess of Oneida," his " Cherry Duchesses," 
"Winsomes," " Waterloos," and "Gwynnes," and the Messrs. 
Ashburner's admirable herds. From most of these valuable 
stocks #ell-selected impressive good blood is widely distributed 
through the recently established annual bull sales. Emulation 
accelerates the progress of improvement. The North- Western 
Counties contribute to the Shorthorn Society about a hundred 
members, most of them busily engaged in stock-breeding. That 
such numerous handy sources of superior bovine character are 
fairly taken advantage of is evident in every local showyard 
and fair, in every pasture and yard, and very notably in the 
large number of local exhibitors, who, handling well such good 
materials, succeeded at the Carlisle Show in wresting from a 
host of more distant comers one-half of the prizes for male 
Shorthorns. 
Amongst Sheep, steady improvement has likewise taken place. 
As with the cattle, earlier maturity is aimed at, cheap con- 
centrated food is more freely used, several months' keep is saved. 
Leicesters and Border Leicesters on the lower ground, and 
improved Cheviots on the hills, have displaced the commoner 
nondescripts, and driven the rough, goat-like, slow-maturing 
Herd wicks far up amongst the fells. 
Fewer hunters and carriage-horses are bred than formerly. 
Amongst young cattle and sheep their rearing is not very pro- 
fitable. Increasing attention is, however, bestowed on superior 
hacks and cobs, and cart-horses are bred on many farms. They 
are generally of Clydesdale character, short-legged and active, 
as is desirable in a hilly country. There has been praiseworthy 
anxiety to secure good feet and sound fiat legs, less encumbered 
than formerly with rough coarse hair. From the Glasgow 
Spring Shows good horses have from time to time been brought 
south, and " Prince Henry," the second-prize Clydesdale in the 
Yard, has spent this season in the Carlisle district. 
Sin<;e the Royal Meeting of 18o5 steady improvement has 
occurred, not only in the useful characters of the live-stock, but 
also in their value. Shorthorns especially have mounted to 
high figures. In 1852 Mr. George Drewry bought for the 
Duke of Devonshire " Oxlbrd 15th" at 250 guineas. Several 
of her descendant^ have since been sold for upwards of 2000 
guineas. Sir Wilfrid Lawson recently gave 1200 guineas for 
" Baron Oxford (kh Mr. S. P. Foster wrote a cheque for 
2500 guineas for " Duke of Ormskirk," and paid 850 guineas 
for the year's hire of " Duke of Hillhurst." Want of money 
amongst the classes connected with agriculture has recently 
