Report on Live-Stock at Carlisle. 
625 
is jealously maintained ; fixity of type is confirmed by in-and- 
in and by line-breeding- ; distinctiveness is further secured by 
chronicling in special Herdbooks the pedigree of the best animals. 
Within the narrow area of these Islands there are about twenty 
different breeds, all, excepting Highland and Welsh, the semi- 
feral Chillingham, and the sheeted Somersets, having been well 
represented at Carlisle. Shorthorns, Herefords, and Devons 
were as good, more uniform, probably better than at any former 
Show. Channel Islanders, considering the Northern locale of 
the Exhibition, were unexpectedly numerous, and of superior 
merit. Ayrshires, restricted in number, nevertheless illustrated 
well the profitable features of the Northern milking breed. 
Sussex, Scotch and English Polled, attaining more than a local 
celebrity, were excellent. Numbers as well as merit were well 
maintained. The Carlisle cattle entries in 1855 were 172 ; 
those of 1880 were 432. The Kilburn International entries were 
930 ; those of Bristol 442 ; those of Liverpool 372 ; and those 
of Birmingham 465. 
Following the order of the Catalogue, I shall endeavour to give 
a brief description of the Cattle Classes, and of some of the more 
striking of the prize-winners. 
Shorthorns. 
Shorthorns maintained their usual high position alike for 
numbers and merit. The Judges, Messrs. H. W. Beauford, 
J. W. Cruickshank, and A. Metcalfe, reported, " that the Show, 
both of male and female classes, was considerably above average. 
The female classes were exceptionally good ; probably in the 
aggregate no better Shorthorns were ever exhibited at any Show 
of the Royal Agricultural Society. We have no special report 
to make, but must acknowledge the assistance received from 
the Stewards, which in the state of the weather was of much 
value." Eight classes comprised 146 entries, and compared 
favourably with former Shows, and even with last year's Inter- 
national ; they were drawn from many parts of the country ; as 
formerly, a few were sent from Windsor and Sandringham ; 
some were contributed by breeders of world-wide repute ; but a 
considerable number in satisfactory form were sent by men 
hitherto unknown to fame. High on the scale of merit stood 
animals of distinctive strains, such as Mr. T. H. Hutchinson's 
pure Booth cows and heifers, Mr. B. St. John Ackers' cows and 
heifers of Killerby descent, and Lord Fitzhardinge's Bates-bred 
*' Wild Eyes " and " Darlington " yearlings. Numbers of the 
prize-winners were, however, of mixed descent. Not a few 
came from families which have attained distinction as prize- 
VOL. XVI. — S. S. 2 S 
