The Farming of Weslmorland. 
21 
The following description of tlie management on tlie home 
farm at Levcns, the property of tlie Hon. Mrs. Howard, and 
under the care of her able steward, Mr. Milne, will be useful, as 
a model of the best Westmorland farming. 
Lawrence House I'arm contains 240 acres, besides 24 acres of 
moss land on Levcns Marsh. Of the former, 155 acres are iu 
meadow and pastur<>, and 85 under tillage. A five-years' course 
is adopted, viz., 1st year, oats out of ley ; 2nd year, green crop ; 
3rd year, a corn-croj) sown with seeds ; 4th and 5th years, grass. 
After the corn-crop has been removed from the seeds, if th(!y 
be vigorous, sheep arc allowed in dry weather to depasture them 
till about the beginning of November, after which no sheep or 
cattle arc allowccl thereon till March. With favourable weather 
in March ewes and their lambs are turned on, and allowed to 
remain until the latter end of the first week in May, when they 
are removed, and the crop allowed to grow for hay, which is 
always cut just before the grass and clover-seeds come rjeneralh/ 
into flower. The seeds are always depastured the second year, 
and for oats out of ley are generally ploughed out in January iu 
open weather ; 5 bushels of seed are sown and well harrowed 
into the soil ; a heavy clod-crusher, and afterwards a heavy 
roller is applied, it being desirable to have the soil firmly com- 
pressed. When not laid or twisted, the corn is reaped with a 
reaping-machine, and with the scythe or hook when lodged, as 
the reaping-machine under these circumstances Avould not cut 
the crop properly, nor leave an even stubble. 
After the " ley corn " is removed the land is ploughed, if 
possible in dry weather, with a deep strong furrow, afterwards 
harrowed, and then left till April, when it is again harrowed 
and ploughed across the autumn furrows with deep narroic 
furrow-slices ; the harrows are again applied, and, if need be, 
the roller, and any particles of couch-grass carefully gathered 
and carried off ; but for several years there has been no couch- 
grass to deal with on the fallows of this farm, as should always 
be the case where land has been once thoroughly made free from 
couch and other weeds and clean seeds always sown. 
One acre of the fallow land is planted with potatoes, and the 
remaining 16 acres with turnips, one-half swedes, three-eighths 
yellow bullock, and one-eighth large white globe. The manure 
generally applied is about 12 tons of well-made farmyard- 
manure, with either 2 cwt. of Peruvian guano, or 3 cwt. of super- 
phosphate, or 3 cwt. of bone-meal. Early in November, if the 
"weather be dry, a beginning is made to store the turnips. A 
large quantity is carted to the homestead, and stored in a shed 
for use onwards till the latter end of February. The whole of 
the remainder is set in the field, five rows being placed together 
(neither 
