The Fdrminij of JFcsfmorland. 
29 
thorpe, \\sq., the leases aio for nine years, almost invariably 
renewed, with fair re-adjustments of rent, not necessarily at the 
end of every term, but as circumstances call for this. On tliese 
properties it is not unusual for a farm to remain in one family's 
occupancy for generations. The family of Mr. Dobson, of 
Williamsgill, have farmed theirs under the Crackanthorpes for 
considerably more than a century. On the Rigmaden Estate one 
fai'iner can boast of having; personally attended 104 half-yearly 
rent-days, never missing one. 
On the smaller properties leases of seven years are common. 
The usual conditions for entry are, on the southern side of the 
county, for husbandry and tillage on 14th February ; eatage, 
5th April ; and house and buildings on 1 2th May : by this 
arrangement the out-going tenant can consume all the vestures 
before leaving. In some cases the manure belongs to the out- 
going tenant, not to remove, but to be paid for by the succeed- 
ing tenant, when measured and valued. In other cases the 
manure belongs to the farm without payment ; and generally, 
when it does not already belong, the landlord takes an oppor- 
tunity to purchase it and annex it to the farm. Off-going crops 
are nearly all abolished. On the northern side of the county 
the entry is generally 25th of March to the land, and Whitsun- 
tide to the buildings. Nearer the Cumberland boundary, to- 
wards Penrith, the entry is sometimes at Candlemas (14th 
February) to the whole. In such case, if the tenant has win- 
tered his full stock of cattle, he is allowed to sell off the premises 
such straw as remains unconsumed. 
When bare fallows prevail, the incoming tenant pays for that, 
and putting in the wheat-crop. When the outgoing tenant has 
not depastured the young seeds after Martinmas the incoming 
tenant pays the seed-bill. 
The rent is made payable in advance on 1st June after entry. 
Usually, however, it is paid half-yearly, in December and June, 
not in advance. Green-crop between white-crops. Consump- 
tion of vestures on the premises. Tenant to keep all in repair 
except slated roofs and main timbers, and to lead all materials 
for landlord's repairs. Such are the usual conditions. 
There is no system of tenant-right in the county, nor, in the 
absence of a lease, any security against a tenant receiving notice 
to quit, or having his rent raised, after he may have permanently 
improved the land by high farming, liming, boning, or other- 
wise. 
On the general question a great deal may be said on both 
sides. In some cases, as in the prospect of a sale of the estate 
in a few years, a lease might be an undesirable clog. A gentle- 
