JOURNAL 
OK TIIK 
ROYAL AGIUCULTURAL SOCIETY 
OF ENGLAND. 
I. — Oil the Farmiiifj of Westmorland. By CraystON Websteij, 
Land Agent and Surveyor, Kendal. 
Prize Essay. 
Westmorland is bounded on the east by Yorkshire and 
Durham, west and north by Cumberland, and south l)y Lanca- 
shire. Its greatest length, measuring from Morecambe Bay to 
the Tees at Tyne Head, is 41^ miles, and its greatest breadth, 
from Bow Fell to Stainmore, 40^ miles. It comprises 3 poor- 
law unions and o2 parishes, subdivided for rating purposes into 
109 townships, and about 165 highway districts. 
Its populntidii was in 1801 40,80") 
1811 A^fiTl 
1821 51,359 
1831 55,041 
1841 5G,454 
1851 58,287 
18G1 G0,810 
These figures show a slow rate of increase compared with 
other counties. Between 1851 and 1861 there was a consider- 
able decrease in some of the purely agricultural parishes, while 
a considerable influx has been and is going on towards the 
Windermere and Lake district. Westmorland is the thinnest 
populated county in England, the number of inhabitants per 
square mile being only 80, while the average of England is 373. 
In 1851 there were enumerated 2333 farmers ; agricultural 
outdoor labourers, 2404 ; indoor farm-servants, 1957. The total 
number employed in manufactures of all kinds was stated at 
1933. The same returns indicated a remarkable extent of migra- 
tion from the county to towns, besides emigration. There were 
then living in England, but out of the county, 23,068 persons 
l)orn in it, and of these 1233 were in London. In 1861 there 
were 11,810 inhabited houses, 597 empty, and 75 building. 
VOL. IV.— S. S. B 
