on tlic Climate ami J;jriculf urG of the. /Irl/i.'Ji rslrs. GO 
be iiifciTcd IVom tlio fact that at its soutlioru termination, wliere 
it is brushed by tlie Gulf Stream, the sh)pe of the sea bottom 
rapidly falls to the enormous depth of 5 miles. For unknown 
ages, therefore, in the past must these ocean streams have been 
at work. 
As to the climatic future, no cloud of dismay need rest 
upon that. While the mountain-chain of the Andes in Central 
America remains to divert the w^irm current to our shores, and 
the ancient rocks of Russia form a barrier 1200 feet high be- 
tween the White Sea and the Baltic, to keep back a cold current 
from the Arctic Ocean, no such alteration as that surmised can 
take place in the climate of this country. 
It is also satisfactory to know that Mr. Glaisher, of the Royal 
Observatory, has examined and compared, with great skill and 
labour, the long series of meteorological observations of that 
institution, and which are now continued under his care. And 
in summing up his extended investigations he says, "The results 
are very remarkable. Large and continuous increases of tempe- 
ratures are shown in the months of November, December, and 
January;" and he further shows that the mean temperature of 
the year at Greenwich is 2° warmer now than it was 100 years 
back, and that the mean heat in January in the same period has 
increased 3°. 
The onward rapid progress of agriculture in this country 
need not be clogged by any fancied deterioration of the climate, 
or landowners from such a cause fear a depreciation of then- 
property. There is in all the main elements which constitute 
our weather a fixity of action which for all practical purposes 
may be considered absolute ; but every acre of wet land drained, 
or of waste land reclaimed and cultivated, adds its modicum of 
increased heat to the summer temperature. 
III. — Toivn Millt. By JopiN Chalmers ]\roRTON. 
The following report on this subject is based upon a paper on 
the London Milk Trade, which was read two years ago before 
the Society of Arts, and was reported in their Journal of 
December 15, 1865. Since the preparation of that paper, and 
the examination then made of cowhouses in various parts of 
London, I have had charge of a suburban farm where a large 
number of cows — at one time more than 250 — were kept exclu- 
sively for the London milk supply. This, with a renewed 
examination of a few additional town and suburban dairies, 
enables me to speak with some confidence on a subject which 
