78 
Town Milli. 
further diminished by filling- the cans so that they shall not shake, 
and covering them with wetted jackets, so that evaporation may 
help to keep the contents cool. There is, however, great diffi- 
culty in ensuring its arrival sound after a long journey in hot 
weather, during which it has been in a constant tremble, which 
is just the condition likely to promote chemical change. The 
evening's milking in the case of distant country farms arrives in 
London about midnight, ready for the London breakfast tables, 
and the morning's milking reaches town in time for tea. 
Nearer London the management is very like that of Clerken- 
well and Chelsea already described, excepting that to give time 
for the transmission of the milk everything begins an hour or 
two earlier. Mr, CoUinson Hall, of Navestock, near Brentwood, 
describes his cow-house management as follows : — 
"We begin milking at 1 o'clock in the moniinc; ; each man shonld have 
15 cows. The milk arrives at 5 o'clock in London. The cows are again 
milked at 10 o'clock, and the milk is in London at 1 o'clock. 
" They are fed as follows : — Each man gives about 4 lbs. of meadow hay to 
his 15 cows after the midnight railking, and then goes to bed. At 7 o'clock 
he gives them 4 bushel of grains mixed with a bushel of sweet chaff, and a 
handful of salt ; the cows are then cleaned and I'resh littered ; 2 lbs. of hay 
apiece are given, and at 11 o'clock 1 bushel of mangolds are given ; at 4 o'clock 
p.m., 1 bushel of grains and chaff; and at 6 about 2 lbs. or 3 lbs. of hay. 
The cows are not untied, that they maj' not mix together, and their water 
is carried to them. We feed often, and avoid giving large quantities at 
once. 
" Lime on the floors, gas tar enough to be not offensive, and ten drops of 
arsenicum (3rd dilution) in the drinking water ; great cleanliness, and all the 
provender good ; not putting too many in one shed ; good ventilation at the 
top ; no draughts : — These are my precauticms." 
Nearer London still, the management is almost exactly that of 
the London cowhouses. Mr. Sumpton tells me that he feeds his 
cows at liis farm in Hendon parish exactly as he does his cows 
in Little Warner-street, only beginning an hour earlier, so as to 
give time to bring the milk in. No attempt is made to cool 
it for transmission this short journey, but it arrives warm an 
hour after milking, sometimes however the worse in summer-time 
for even so short an interval. 
Mr, Panter who manages Lord Granville's large dairy-farm at 
Golder's Green, upon the Finchly-road, thus described the manage- 
ment of his cows, in evidence before the Royal Commissioners 
on the Cattle Plague : — 
" We give about a bushel and a quarter, or from that to a bushel and half 
of brewers' grains to each cow, and about 15 lbs. of hay, and about 30 lbs. of 
mangold wurzel, with 4 lbs. of meal (pea-meal principally), in addition to that 
feed in the winter. In the summer, grass is given instead of hay and mangold 
wurzel. This mode of feeding, though it damages the constitiition of a cow, 
is adopted in order to force the greatest quantity of milk which the dairyman 
can get. The gain more than covers all the loss ; at least it is supposed to do 
