Toim Milk. 
70 
so. In our suburban district wc give them more air, and feed them more on 
£;riX.ss in tlie fields. We do not feed tliem so heavily upon grains and artificial 
food as they do in London. We give them much more natural food. Some 
turn them out froni about July to October; and some do not. The cow.s 
always lose condition by being turned out ; that is invariably the case. They 
lose milk, too, to the e.\tent of a quart a day, unless the iiasturc is very good 
indeed." 
It is plain that the London cow management for milk produc- 
tion is certain to be followed wherever it can, if cows lose both 
flesh and milk when turned out to grass. Mr. Balls, who 
manages the dairy-farm at Oakington, near Sudbury, in the 
occupation of Colonel the Hon. VV. P. Talbot, has kept from 80 
to 100 cows constantly in stalls. They are milked at 3 and 
4 A.M., and again at 1 and 2 p.m., and are fed exactly on the 
London plan, first on grains, a bushel between two, next with a 
little hay, then with a bushel of either cabbages or mangolds, 
and then again a little hay, — in the afternoon grains and hay and 
water (they are only watered once a day), and again hay before 
night. The alteration in summer is a substitution of grass for 
hay and mangolds. A small quantity (3 or 4 lbs. a day) of 
meal is given along with grains in the case of cows nearly dry ; or 
rather this used to be given, for Mr. Balls now declares that 
there is no profit in the attempt to put on extra flesh with extra 
feeding, so long as meal is so dear and meat so cheap. He con- 
trives, however, by careful purchasing to get cows which will 
put on flesh without extra feeding as they get dry. 
At Lodge Farm, Barking, where several cowhouses holding 
60 cows a-piece have been built at intervals of 200 or 300 yards 
from one another, in the midst of 50 acres of land, which is 
being irrigated with North London sewage, and has been thus 
producing enormous crops of Italian rye-grass, the rule of 
London management has been till latel}" carefully followed. A 
bushel of grains between two cows has been given immediately 
after milking, and followed by a little hay (a truss amongst 10 
or 12 cows). They were then watered freely, and afterwards 
30 or 40 lbs. of pulped mangolds mixed with hay chaff were 
given, and the cows were left. The treatment in the evening 
was exactly the same, except that a little hay was given when they 
were bedded-up for the night. In this case distillers' grains were 
used ; and whenever the supply failed us the milk ran short at 
once. The yield dropped one-fifth, sometimes one-fourth, at the 
very next milking after the missing meal of grains, and brewer's 
grains were a very inefficient substitute for them. The quantity 
of milk would however gradually increase again under other 
feeding, as soon as the cows had taken cordially to the new 
ration whatever it was, but in no case did it ever amount to the 
quantity which was quoted when they received their fill of dis- 
tillers' grains. Latterly, partly owing to the cost and difficulty of 
