84 
Tuwn Milk, 
allowance in two sheds containins: 85 cows, and there Avere 
exactly 21 tons of dung removed from these two sheds last week, 
being 3 tons daily. Most of the urine runs into a tank, only a 
portion of it being retained in the litter that is used. Two or 
three bushels of sawdust are, in the first place, put under every 
cow, and thereafter one bushel daily is sufficient, as much being 
daily taken as fast as it gets soiled. The quantities amount to 
about 11 lbs. per cow added, and 80 lbs. of dung per cow taken; 
so that we collect about 70 lbs. per diem of the actual fajces of 
the animal. I may on this refer to a letter received twelve years 
ago from Mr. Telfer, of the Canning Park I'arm, near Ayr, who 
kept 48 of the small Ayrshire cows for a butter-dairy. He found 
that these cows yielded 60 lbs. of dung and 18 lbs. of urine every 
twenty-four hours. Taking their smaller size into account, this 
agrees very fairly with our experience at Lodge Farm. He adds 
that the cows yielding most milk, at the same time yielded the 
most dung and urine ; which is not surprising, seeing that these 
are, in fact, the debris of a manufacture, and must be greater or 
less according to the quantity of raw material which passes 
through the machine. Mr. Telfer's cows lay on a cocoa-nut 
matting, their dung and urine falling into an accurately-made 
gutter, which was cleaned out perfectly by a single draw of a 
drag made to fit the groove. In London cow-houses the rough 
causewayed floors axe cleaned out with besom and spade into a 
dung-pit, which the sanitary inspector requires to be emptied at 
intervals; and the gutters in well-managed houses are washed 
down from the pail. 
The Cowhouse. 
The mode in which the cattle are housed is an important part 
of their treatment. 
As regards the existing cov/houses I cannot do better than 
quote, in an abridged form, the description given of them in the 
Paper read before the Society of Arts ; — 
" A London cowhouse may be, and often is, a piece of ill-conditioned, 
rather ricketty old stabling, with a sort of brick-built manger on the floor, the 
length divided by short and scanty stall divisions, 7 feet or 1^ feet apart, 
furnished with ropes or straps or chains, with running rings, so as to tie up 
two cows between each pair. This floor is roughly causewayed, and there is 
a gutter lengthwise down it, parallel with the manger, and a little more than a 
cow's length from it. The house may be only wide enough for a single row 
of cows, or there may be one on either side, with the gutter between them for 
the drainage of both. I am now referring to the average style of the smaller 
and inferior cowhouses in the city, and in the poorer districts of the metro- 
polis. The roof is either low, with plenty of ventilation through its loosely- 
lying tiles, or if higher, there is a 'tallet' or floor overhead, where hay and 
other food are placed, and in which wide spaces are left next the walls and over 
the heads of the cattle, and then the space of this upper room is measured 
