00 
Toxvn Milk. 
told that 11 and even 12 quarts a day are obtained on an 
average througliout the year ; that is to say a house of 10 stalls 
always full will yield 10x365x11 quarts of milk per annum, 
which is equal to 40,150 quarts or 1000 gallons per stall. If, 
as is probable, these cows are changed every 8 months on an 
average, then 10,000 gallons is the quantity yielded by 15 
cows during the 8 months after calving before they are sold. 
Each cow therefore yields 666 gallons in its 8 months milking. 
This, though a large quantity, is not incredible. In the case of 
the Frocester Court Dairy (Gloucestershire), of which a full 
account has been given in the ' Bath and West of England 
Journal,' Mr. Harrison (now one of H.M. Rivers Pollution Com- 
missioners) found that of his 104 cows, 8 in the first year of 
milking (calving at 2-^ years old), yielded 317 gallons per 
annum ; 15 also in their 1st year (but brought to the pail at 
3 years), yielded 472 gallons ; 14 in their 2nd year averaged 
535 gallons; 15 in their 3rd year averaged 616 gallons ; 20 in 
their 4th year made 665 gallons a-piece ; 18 in their 5th year 
yielded 635 gallons ; 9 in their 6th year made 708 ; 15 aged 
cows averaged 651 gallons a-piece. These figures, however, give 
only an approximation to the truth if they be taken to indicate the 
average yield of milk of a cow at different ages ; for doubtless 
in a large herd like that of Frocester Court, the bad milkers, 
which would keep down the average of the 1st or 2nd year, 
would be culled out, so that only the better cows would remain. 
It is cows in their 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th year of milking which 
are found in London dairies ; and such cows at Frocester, depastured 
in the summer, yielded from 650 to 700 gallons of milk a-piece 
per annum. They were however milked 10 months, whereas 
the London cow is got rid of after 8 months milking in the case 
I have supposed. But tlie quantity of 11 and 12 quarts a day, 
which is the extreme report of some of the smaller cowkeepers, 
does not seem on a comparison with Frocester so incredible. 
On the other hand if you consult the larger cowkeepers, supplying 
dealers who come and milk the cows paying for what they 
take away, they will tell you that the average yield does not 
exceed 9 or S)\ (juarts a day to every stall. It is plain that where 
cows are kept on till their daily yield is 5 quarts or less, in 
order to get fattened before sale, the average must be less than 
where the cow is got rid of sooner, and a greater loss submitted 
to upon her sale. On Lord Granville's farm at Golder's Green, 
Mr. Panter, his lordship's agent, has told me that 3900/. was 
received one year for the milk of lOO stalls ; in another year the 
sum received was 4300/. from 108 stalls constantly occupied ; and 
in a third 4900/. was received from 120 stalls. This at Is. IQd. 
