Toim Milk 
Vcnr riiding 
Quantity 
of pi'Ofiuccd. 
^umbpr of 
Pays of 071P Cow. 
Millc per^Cow. 
Imp. Gallons. 
Imp. Gallons. 
oept. ii , \!sbi . . , 
1 O J. J. 07 I 
45' , i -o 
Oct. 25 ,, .. 
128,78.3* 
51,440 
2-5 
Nov. 29 , , . . 
131,478 
53,811 
2-44 + 
Dec. 27 .. 
132,073 
54,897 
2-41 - 
G7 weeks .. 
139,74G| 
57,334 
2-44- 
tlian Is. a week per cow for cowmen ; the grains and meal and 
hay consumed, with grass at I8s. a ton cut and delivered at the 
cowhouse, have cost 9,?. to 12s. weekly ; the loss on sales has 
been at least 2s. a week per cow : and taking rent of sheds into 
account, the cow has cost more than from 13s. to lf5s. a week. It 
is plain that wherever the average yield throughout the year falls 
below ten quarts a day, there must be a loss, if the cowkeeper 
does not receive a higher price than I have named. 
The dairy-farmer who disposes of his milk at the nearest 
station for 2d. a quart, makes perhaps more of it than he could 
by cheese or butter, and he saves a good deal of the labour for 
which, as a cheese or butter farmer, he has hitherto had to pay. 
But it is right to warn any one who thinks to begin dairying 
near town in any locality where the industry is new, that his 
labour-bill will be a very great difficulty in his way, 1 need 
not, however, illustrate this at any gi'eater length. Enough has 
been said to show that the profits of the honest wholesale cow- 
keeper are earned with difficulty. 
The commercial aspect of this subject as distinguished from 
the agricultural, must be treated very shortly in this Journal. I 
have little to add to the information collected two years ago for 
the Society of Arts. From returns then made by asylums, schools, 
and institutions (not infirmaries, or hospitals, or workhouses, 
where special dietaries exist), it appeared that 2-5ths of a pint 
of milk a-day is the average quantity which a mixed population 
of healthy people consumes when its diet is under medical 
direction. And in some places the actual consumption ap- 
proaches this quantity. Thus the town of Stirling, which has a 
population of 12,500 persons, was then supplied by 190 cows in 
