Toicn BliUi. 
05 
tlio town, besides 200 gallons a-day of buttcrniilk (a most nutritive 
and useful food) brought in by rail and otherwise. There was 
here a cow to every 60 people ; and this, at the average of 800 
gallons yearly to every cow in milk gave 100 imperial pints per 
annum to every man, woman, and child, or al)out 2-7ths of a 
pint a-dav a-piece, very nearly the medical standard ; and indeed 
exceeding it when the 200 gallons a-day of buttermilk are taken 
into account, for this would furnish half a pint a-day to the 
3200 belonging to the labouring class in a community of 
12,000. 
The English town of Mansfield may be fairly compared with 
the Scottish town of Stirling. It contains about 10,000 people, 
and 108 cows. Taking these at 800 gallons a head per annum, 
and adding 20 gallons of skim milk daily, of which I heard as 
being sold in the outskirts of the town, there were only nine gallons 
(72 pints) per annum for each inhabitant, or l-5th of a pint 
a-day a-piece — one half the medical standard. 
Take, now, Bedford : — It contained in 1865, at the time of my 
inquiry, about 15,000 people, and 100 cows: and 123 gallons 
of milk, the daily produce of about 50 other cows, were brought 
in daily by railway. 150 cows to 15,000 people are one cow to 
100 people, about the same as at Mansfield ; and this, at 800 
gallons a cow, is about 70 pints a year, or l-5th of a pint a-year 
a-piece — one-half the medical standard. 
If then l-5th of a pint a-day be taken as the quantity, not 
which ought to be, but which is consumed in general by a mixed 
population of English people, then the 3,000,000 of our London 
population require 300,000 quarts a-day; and this, at 10 quarts 
a-day from each cow or rather from each stall, indicates 30,000 
stalls occupied by cows kept upon the London plan as needed 
for the London milk supply. And if people were fed according 
to the medical rule of our selected institutions, twice this number 
of stalls, representing about three times that number of cows 
per annum, would be needed for the supply. At the time of my 
inquiry into this subject, two jears ago, I ascertained that the 
usual number of cows kept within the metropolitan district was 
about 24,000 ; and between 30,000 and 40,000 quarts of milk a- 
day, in addition to the town production, were then being brought 
in Irom the country, which must have needed 3000 or 4000 cows 
for its production ; so that the total number of cows then engaged 
in supplying London fell considerably short of the number 
indicated by the average of such towns as Bedford and 
Mansfield. 
D urinj the cattle plague more than half of the 24,000 
London cows disappeared, and the railway delivery of milk 
rapidly increased, and though, as the London cowhouses have 
