hjj Loans from Government or Public Covijxudcx. 141 
in thi; .idvanco of capital to landovvncis wlio dcsiro to execute 
their works themselves. 
The Lands Improvement Company, and the Land Loan Com- 
pany, act only as a medium of supplying capital to landowners 
who may desire to execute their works themselves, or to l(;t them 
by contract, while the Inclosure Commissioners control the pro- 
ceedings e(|ually of all the Companies where the outlay is charged 
on the lands improved. The Land Loan Company alone have the 
power to advance money for the enfranchisement of copyholds. 
Before leaving this Ijranch of the subject it may be well to 
observe that when comparing the cost of works executed through 
different agencies under the sevenal Acts — namely, those per- 
formed by the Companies for landowners with those performed 
by landowners themselves or their agents — it is essential that the 
details of the arrangements in each case should be fairly and 
fully considered. In the former case it is generally so managed 
that all materials and labour of every kind and description shall be 
included in the contract, and paid for by the contracting Com- 
pany, to be charged on the improved property, even though stone 
and timber is supplied by the landowner and the haulage done 
by the tenantry, while in the latter case home-found materials 
are as frequently given without any charge or are furnished at a 
nominal cost, and the tenants are required to do the haulage 
Avithout payment or at a much less cost than in cases where there 
is a contracting party to pay for it. There is no greater source 
of misapprehension than that founded upon these varying prac- 
tices, and comparisons are sometimes made disadvantageously to 
a Company which, if the details were carefully dissected, would 
be found inappropriate. 
The Legislature evidently considered that it was right that the 
whole cost of all legalised improvements should be charged on 
the improved property, inasmuch as after two applications to 
Parliament, the " Lands Improvement Company " obtained 
powers to charge on estates the whole outlay in buildings and 
planting in substitution of three-fourths the cost of the one, 
and half the cost of the other. To resist this admitted principle, 
and to limit the outlay to be chai'ged to less than the actual 
total cost, could not fail to have the effect of preventing desirable 
progress. 
It should here be stated that the aggregate expenditure in 
works executed in England and Wales under the several Com- 
panies' Acts that have passed under the inspection of the Inclo- 
sure Commissioners have been upwards of 4,000, OOOZ. * This is 
* The total amount of money expended under the inspection of the Inclosure 
Commissioners in iniprovemnts of all kinds under all the Acts, both public and 
private, up to the date of this cssiiy, is as near as possible 8,000,OOU/. 
